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Distillations | Science History Institute

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Science History Institute

Distillations is the Science History Institute’s critically acclaimed flagship podcast. We take deep dives into stories that range from the serious to the eccentric, all to help listeners better understand the surprising science that is all around us. Hear about everything from the crisis in Alzheimer’s research to New England’s 19th-century vampire panic in compelling, sometimes-funny, documentary-style audio stories.

#351

ALS Patients Take on the FDA

ALS is a fatal neurological disease that kills motor neurons. Even though it was first described more than 150 years ago, there is no cure, and the few drugs available only dampen the symptoms or slow the progression by a few months. In recent years new drugs have emerged. However, there is one problem: the life expectancy is just two to five years after diagnosis. This timeline is incompatible with the FDA drug approval process, which takes years and even decades. This has created a tense situation for desperate patients who are demanding the FDA approve unproven drugs. What’s the harm in giving desperate patients an imperfect drug? Credits Host: <a href= "https://www.sciencehistory.org/profile/alexis-j-pedrick">Alexis Pedrick</a> Senior Producer: <a href= "https://www.sciencehistory.org/profile/mariel-carr">Mariel Carr</a> Producer: <a href= "https://www.sciencehistory.org/profile/rigoberto-hernandez">Rigoberto Hernandez</a> Associate Producer: <a href= "https://www.sciencehistory.org/profile/sarah-kaplan/">Sarah Kaplan</a> Audio Engineer: [Jonathan Pfeffer] (https://www.podbrain.org/) “Color Theme” composed by <a href= "https://www.podbrain.org/" target="_blank" rel= "noreferrer noopener">Jonathan Pfeffer</a>. Additional music by [Blue Dot Sessions] (https://www.sessions.blue/) ... Read more

30 Jul 2024

47 MINS

47:41

30 Jul 2024

#350

The Fraud that Transformed Psychiatry

In 1973 a bombshell study appeared in the premier scientific journal Science. It was called “On Being Sane in Insane Places.” Its author, a Stanford psychology professor named David Rosenhan, claimed that by faking their way into psychiatric hospitals, he and eight other pseudo-patients had proven that psychiatrists were unable to diagnose mental illness accurately. Psychiatrists panicked, and, as a result, re-wrote what’s known as “psychiatry’s bible”—the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, or DSM. The study and the subsequent overhaul of the DSM changed the field forever. So it was a surprise when, decades later, a journalist reopened Rosenhan’s files and discovered that the study was full of inconsistencies and even blatant fraud. So should we throw out everything it revealed? Or can something based on a lie still contain any truths? Credits Host: <a href= "https://www.sciencehistory.org/profile/alexis-j-pedrick">Alexis Pedrick</a> Senior Producer: <a href= "https://www.sciencehistory.org/profile/mariel-carr">Mariel Carr</a> Producer: <a href= "https://www.sciencehistory.org/profile/rigoberto-hernandez">Rigoberto Hernandez</a> Associate Producer: <a href= "https://www.sciencehistory.org/profile/sarah-kaplan/">Sarah Kaplan</a> Audio Engineer: [Jonathan Pfeffer] (https://www.podbrain.org/) “Color Theme” composed by <a href= "https://www.podbrain.org/" target="_blank" rel= "noreferrer noopener">Jonathan Pfeffer</a>. Additional music by [Blue Dot Sessions] (https://www.sessions.blue/) ... Read more

23 Jul 2024

58 MINS

58:09

23 Jul 2024

#349

Cancer Virus Hunters: An Interview with Gregory J. Morgan

For more than 100 years, biologists who suggested that some cancers may be caused by viruses were the pariahs of genetics. However, they persevered and incrementally built their knowledge, leading to the discovery of retroviruses, the development of a test to diagnose HIV, and the creation of the HPV vaccine. Join us as we interview Gregory J. Morgan about his book Cancer Virus Hunters: A History of Tumor Virology. Credits Host: <a href= "https://www.sciencehistory.org/profile/alexis-j-pedrick">Alexis Pedrick</a> Senior Producer: <a href= "https://www.sciencehistory.org/profile/mariel-carr">Mariel Carr</a> Producer: <a href= "https://www.sciencehistory.org/profile/rigoberto-hernandez">Rigoberto Hernandez</a> Associate Producer: <a href= "https://www.sciencehistory.org/profile/sarah-kaplan/">Sarah Kaplan</a> Audio Engineer: [Jonathan Pfeffer] (https://www.podbrain.org/) “Color Theme” composed by <a href= "https://www.podbrain.org/" target="_blank" rel= "noreferrer noopener">Jonathan Pfeffer</a>. Additional music by [Blue Dot Sessions] (https://www.sessions.blue/) Note to Our Listeners We are aware of an issue with certain podcast players displaying the incorrect length for the episode. We're looking into it and hope to have the matter resolved soon. In the meantime, the actual run time of the episode is the length displayed in the feed before pressing play. We apologize for the inconvenience. ... Read more

16 Jul 2024

35 MINS

35:35

16 Jul 2024

#348

The Ames Test

In 1973 biochemist Bruce Ames created a simple test that showed if chemicals had the potential to cause cancer. The Ames test made him a hero of the emerging environmental movement. But then he completely changed course and said concerns about chemicals were overblown. So what happened? Did Ames change? Or did our understanding of what causes cancer change? Featured Oral History <a href= "https://digitalassets.lib.berkeley.edu/roho/ucb/text/ames_bruce_2021.pdf"> Bruce N. Ames, "Bruce N. Ames: The Marriage of Biochemistry and Genetics at Caltech, the NIH, UC Berkeley, and CHORI, 1954–2018"</a> conducted by Paul Burnett in 2019 and 2020, Oral History Center, The Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley, 2021. Credits Host: <a href= "https://www.sciencehistory.org/profile/alexis-j-pedrick">Alexis Pedrick</a> Senior Producer: <a href= "https://www.sciencehistory.org/profile/mariel-carr">Mariel Carr</a> Producer: <a href= "https://www.sciencehistory.org/profile/rigoberto-hernandez">Rigoberto Hernandez</a> Associate Producer: <a href= "https://www.sciencehistory.org/profile/sarah-kaplan/">Sarah Kaplan</a> Audio Engineer: [Jonathan Pfeffer] (https://www.podbrain.org/) “Color Theme” composed by <a href= "https://www.podbrain.org/" target="_blank" rel= "noreferrer noopener">Jonathan Pfeffer</a>. Additional music by [Blue Dot Sessions] (https://www.sessions.blue/) Note to Our Listeners We are aware of an issue with certain podcast players displaying the incorrect length for the episode. We're looking into it and hope to have the matter resolved soon. In the meantime, the actual run time of the episode is the length displayed in the feed before pressing play. We apologize for the inconvenience. ... Read more

09 Jul 2024

43 MINS

43:27

09 Jul 2024

#347

Is Ozempic Different?

Ozempic and others in this family of drugs are nothing short of miraculous. Meant to treat Type 2 Diabetes, the drug exploded in popularity after researchers found that patients were reporting losing 15-21% of their body weight in clinical trials. There were some side effects, but none so severe that it raised concerns. Doctors began prescribing it to people who weren't diabetic but could benefit from weight loss, and now, our only problem seems to be getting enough of it for all the people who need it. It all seems magical, but is it too good to be true? Join us as we dive into the history of weight loss drugs, drug manufacturing regulations, and the role we think medicine should play in our lives. Credits Host: <a href= "https://www.sciencehistory.org/profile/alexis-j-pedrick">Alexis Pedrick</a> Senior Producer: <a href= "https://www.sciencehistory.org/profile/mariel-carr">Mariel Carr</a> Producer: <a href= "https://www.sciencehistory.org/profile/rigoberto-hernandez">Rigoberto Hernandez</a> Associate Producer: <a href= "https://www.sciencehistory.org/profile/sarah-kaplan/">Sarah Kaplan</a> Audio Engineer: [Jonathan Pfeffer] (https://www.podbrain.org/) “Color Theme” composed by <a href= "https://www.podbrain.org/" target="_blank" rel= "noreferrer noopener">Jonathan Pfeffer</a>. Additional music by [Blue Dot Sessions] (https://www.sessions.blue/) Note to Our Listeners We are aware of an issue with certain podcast players displaying the incorrect length for the episode. We're looking into it and hope to have the matter resolved soon. In the meantime, the actual run time of the episode is the length displayed in the feed before pressing play. We apologize for the inconvenience. ... Read more

02 Jul 2024

43 MINS

43:48

02 Jul 2024

#346

Traffication: An Interview with Paul Donald

The impact of cars on wildlife extends beyond roadkill, affecting species that never venture near roads. Car noise disrupts bird communication and behavior, and tire and brake dust from pollutes waterways with microplastics. In this wide-ranging interview, we talk to the author of Traffication: How Cars Destroy Nature and What We Can Do About It, Paul Donald about how he coined the term "traffication," the history of road ecology, and what we can do about the problem. Credits Host: <a href= "https://www.sciencehistory.org/profile/alexis-j-pedrick">Alexis Pedrick</a> Senior Producer: <a href= "https://www.sciencehistory.org/profile/mariel-carr">Mariel Carr</a> Producer: <a href= "https://www.sciencehistory.org/profile/rigoberto-hernandez">Rigoberto Hernandez</a> Associate Producer: <a href= "https://www.sciencehistory.org/profile/sarah-kaplan/">Sarah Kaplan</a> Audio Engineer: [Jonathan Pfeffer] (https://www.podbrain.org/) “Color Theme” composed by <a href= "https://www.podbrain.org/" target="_blank" rel= "noreferrer noopener">Jonathan Pfeffer</a>. Additional music by [Blue Dot Sessions] (https://www.sessions.blue/) Note to Our Listeners We are aware of an issue with certain podcast players displaying the incorrect length for the episode. We're looking into it and hope to have the matter resolved soon. In the meantime, the actual run time of the episode is the length displayed in the feed before pressing play. We apologize for the inconvenience. ... Read more

25 Jun 2024

45 MINS

45:18

25 Jun 2024

#345

Dyes, Drugs, and Psychosis

In 1856, Henry Perkin's attempt to synthesize quinine led to something very different: a vibrant purple dye. Perkin’s mauve revolutionized the fashion industry when Queen Victoria wore a dress of the color to her daughter's wedding. And in an ironic twist, synthetic fabric dyes ultimately led to synthetic drugs, including the first antipsychotic. This drug, known by its trade name Thorazine, was a gamechanger. “Nobody thought there could be a drug that would treat schizophrenia effectively,” says sociologist Andrew Scull, “and then suddenly there was.” In this episode we explore the enduring relationship between dyes and drugs, and the role that mistakes and serendipity still play in drug development. Credits Host: [Alexis Pedrick] (https://www.sciencehistory.org/profile/alexis-j-pedrick) Executive Producer: <a href= "https://www.sciencehistory.org/profile/mariel-carr">Mariel Carr</a> Producer: <a href= "https://www.sciencehistory.org/profile/rigoberto-hernandez">Rigoberto Hernandez</a> Associate Producer: <a href= "https://www.sciencehistory.org/profile/sarah-kaplan/">Sarah Kaplan</a> Audio Engineer: [Jonathan Pfeffer] (https://www.podbrain.org/) “Color Theme” composed by <a href= "https://www.podbrain.org/" target="_blank" rel= "noreferrer noopener">Jonathan Pfeffer</a>. Additional music by [Blue Dot Sessions.] (https://www.sessions.blue/) Note to Our Listeners We are aware of an issue with certain podcast players displaying the incorrect length for the episode. We're looking into it and hope to have the matter resolved soon. In the meantime, the actual run time of the episode is the length displayed in the feed before pressing play. We apologize for the inconvenience. ... Read more

18 Jun 2024

35 MINS

35:23

18 Jun 2024

#344

Pink: An Interview with Dominique Grisard

The color pink has long been in vogue, and when Barbie hit theaters in 2023, its appeal only increased. But its popularity dates back much further than the Mattel doll. In this bonus episode, Dr. Dominique Grisard, a gender studies professor at the University of Basel, discusses the hue and its ties to femininity, class, and Whiteness, as well as how pink has been used to subdue men in detention centers. This episode was inspired by our museum exhibition, <a href= "https://www.sciencehistory.org/visit/exhibitions/bold-color-from-test-tube-to-textile/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">BOLD: Color from Test Tube to Textile</a>, on view through August 3, 2024. Credits Host: <a href= "https://www.sciencehistory.org/profile/alexis-j-pedrick">Alexis Pedrick</a> Senior Producer: <a href= "https://www.sciencehistory.org/profile/mariel-carr">Mariel Carr</a> Producer: <a href= "https://www.sciencehistory.org/profile/rigoberto-hernandez">Rigoberto Hernandez</a> Associate Producer: <a href= "https://www.sciencehistory.org/profile/sarah-kaplan/">Sarah Kaplan</a> Audio Engineer: [Jonathan Pfeffer] (https://www.podbrain.org/) “Color Theme” composed by <a href= "https://www.podbrain.org/" target="_blank" rel= "noreferrer noopener">Jonathan Pfeffer</a>. Additional music by [Blue Dot Sessions] (https://www.sessions.blue/) Note to Our Listeners We are aware of an issue with certain podcast players displaying the incorrect length for the episode. We're looking into it and hope to have the matter resolved soon. In the meantime, the actual run time of the episode is the length displayed in the feed before pressing play. We apologize for the inconvenience. ... Read more

13 Jun 2024

23 MINS

23:10

13 Jun 2024

#343

Can Color Heal Us?

For centuries people have been drawn to the potential healing powers of colored light. From a civil war general to a Thomas Edison wannabe, people have touted it as a medical miracle. Despite claims to the contrary, though, colored light won’t regrow limbs or heal burns. And yet, we are still drawn to the idea that somehow it can fix us. Today there are actual medical studies investigating the health benefits of colored light. So is there any validity to the claims of the past? Can color really heal us? This episode was inspired by our museum exhibition, <a href= "https://www.sciencehistory.org/visit/exhibitions/bold-color-from-test-tube-to-textile/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">BOLD: Color from Test Tube to Textile</a>, on view through August 3, 2024. Credits Host: <a href= "https://www.sciencehistory.org/profile/alexis-j-pedrick">Alexis Pedrick</a> Senior Producer: <a href= "https://www.sciencehistory.org/profile/mariel-carr">Mariel Carr</a> Producer: <a href= "https://www.sciencehistory.org/profile/rigoberto-hernandez">Rigoberto Hernandez</a> Associate Producer: <a href= "https://www.sciencehistory.org/profile/sarah-kaplan/">Sarah Kaplan</a> Audio Engineer: [Jonathan Pfeffer] (https://www.podbrain.org/) “Color Theme” composed by <a href= "https://www.podbrain.org/" target="_blank" rel= "noreferrer noopener">Jonathan Pfeffer</a>. Additional music by [Blue Dot Sessions] (https://www.sessions.blue/) Note to Our Listeners We are aware of an issue with certain podcast players displaying the incorrect length for the episode. We're looking into it and hope to have the matter resolved soon. In the meantime, the actual run time of the episode is the length displayed in the feed before pressing play. We apologize for the inconvenience. ... Read more

11 Jun 2024

39 MINS

39:28

11 Jun 2024

#342

The Word for Blue

In his epic poem, The Odyssey, Homer mentions the colors black, white, red, and yellow. But despite numerous mentions of the brilliant Greek sea and sky, the word blue never makes an appearance. This omission set off a debate between perception and language that would repeat itself over and over again throughout history: was there something wrong with the ancient Greek’s eyes? If they didn’t name blue, did that mean they couldn’t see it? We treat color like it's a clear measure of whether or not our brains are working the same. We expect an answer we can all agree on. Only it turns out some colors elude us. So when it comes to blue, are we truly seeing things differently or just seeing the same thing and describing it differently? Credits Host: <a href= "https://www.sciencehistory.org/profile/alexis-j-pedrick">Alexis Pedrick</a> Senior Producer: <a href= "https://www.sciencehistory.org/profile/mariel-carr">Mariel Carr</a> Producer: <a href= "https://www.sciencehistory.org/profile/rigoberto-hernandez">Rigoberto Hernandez</a> Associate Producer: <a href= "https://www.sciencehistory.org/profile/sarah-kaplan/">Sarah Kaplan</a> Audio Engineer: [Jonathan Pfeffer] (https://www.podbrain.org/) “Color Theme” composed by <a href= "https://www.podbrain.org/" target="_blank" rel= "noreferrer noopener">Jonathan Pfeffer</a>. Additional music by [Blue Dot Sessions] (https://www.sessions.blue/) Note to Our Listeners We are aware of an issue with certain podcast players displaying the incorrect length for the episode. We're looking into it and hope to have the matter resolved soon. In the meantime, the actual run time of the episode is the length displayed in the feed before pressing play. We apologize for the inconvenience. ... Read more

04 Jun 2024

39 MINS

39:13

04 Jun 2024

#341

New Season Trailer! Coming June 4th

Check out our new season, dropping weekly on Tuesdays, starting June 4th. ... Read more

28 May 2024

02 MINS

02:52

28 May 2024

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