Science Friday podcast

Science Friday

Brain fun for curious people.

Brain fun for curious people.

 

#150

The Science Behind Hurricane Milton | ‘Unsettling’ Warm Water In Lake Michigan

Hurricane Milton caused a major storm surge, but also a reverse one. And, Lake Michigan's surface temperature has been above average nearly every day this year so far. All five Great Lakes are heating up. The Science Behind Hurricane Milton ----------------------------------- On October 9, [Hurricane Milton made landfall] (https://www.sciencefriday.com/segments/hurricane-milton-science/?utm_source=wnyc&utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=scifri) in Siesta Key, Florida, then barrelled across the state. This comes just a couple of weeks after Hurricane Helene devastated parts of the southeastern US. Hurricane Milton dumped up to 18 inches of rain in some places, flooding cars, homes, and other buildings. Several people are confirmed dead. Around 3 million are without power. Hurricane Milton was expected to cause a 15-foot storm surge, but it appears that the storm surge maxed out at five to six feet. And there wasn’t just a storm surge, but [a reverse one] (https://www.sciencefriday.com/segments/hurricane-milton-science/?utm_source=wnyc&utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=scifri) . Ira talks with Maggie Koerth, science writer and editorial lead for Carbon Plan, about some of the science of Hurricane Milton. They also discuss other [science stories from the week] (https://www.sciencefriday.com/segments/hurricane-milton-science/?utm_source=wnyc&utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=scifri) , including President Biden’s new rule for replacing lead pipes, concerns about the security of genetic data with 23andMe, and how to tell if an elephant is left or right-trunked. Lake Michigan Swimmers Enjoy ‘Unsettling’ Warm Water ---------------------------------------------------- On a sunny, mid-September afternoon, Olu Demuren took a running start off the concrete ledge just south of Belmont Harbor and leapt into Lake Michigan for the first time. “I was preparing myself for cold water,” Demuren said. “And this immediately felt very nice.” The water along Chicago’s lakeshore averaged [an unseasonable 71 degrees] (https://www.sciencefriday.com/segments/lake-michigan-warming-water/?utm_source=wnyc&utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=scifri) that day. The weather was picturesque too: clear blue skies and temperatures in the mid-80s. Annelise Rittberg watched their friends from the concrete ledge and said the weather felt “deeply abnormal.” “While it’s fun to be out here, it’s also unsettling,” Rittberg said. [Lake Michigan is heating up] (https://www.sciencefriday.com/segments/lake-michigan-warming-water/?utm_source=wnyc&utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=scifri) . The lake’s surface temperature has surpassed the running average dating back to 1995 nearly every day this year, according to National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) data. And it’s not just one Great Lake. All five are warming. The massive bodies of water, which provide drinking water to more than 30 million people, are among the fastest-warming lakes worldwide, according to the federal government’s Fifth National Climate Assessment. [Read the full story at sciencefriday.com.] (https://www.sciencefriday.com/segments/lake-michigan-warming-water/?utm_source=wnyc&utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=scifri) Transcripts for each segment will be available after the show airs on [sciencefriday.com] (https://www.sciencefriday.com/episodes/october-11-2024/?utm_source=wnyc&utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=scifri) . [Subscribe to this podcast.] (https://pod.link/73329284) Plus, to stay updated on all things science, [sign up for Science Friday's newsletters] (https://www.sciencefriday.com/newsletters/?utm_source=wnyc&utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=scifri) . ... Read more

11 Oct 2024

19 MINS

19:17

11 Oct 2024


#149

How Campaigns Use Psychology To Get Out The Vote

We’re one month away from the presidential election. The campaigns are in high gear,  trying to get their messages out, and hoping that those messages will be [enough to motivate voters] (https://www.sciencefriday.com/segments/election-campaign-psychology/?utm_source=wnyc&utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=scifri) to both go to the polls—and to vote in their favor.  But just how solid are people’s political opinions at this point? [Can anyone be swayed] (https://www.sciencefriday.com/segments/election-campaign-psychology/?utm_source=wnyc&utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=scifri) at this point by another debate, campaign ad, or stump speech talking point? And how do campaigns judge the mood of the electorate to better position their messages?  Dr. Jon Krosnick, director of the Political Psychology Research Group at Stanford University, joins Ira Flatow to talk about [political decision-making] (https://www.sciencefriday.com/segments/election-campaign-psychology/?utm_source=wnyc&utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=scifri) , the ways campaigns can influence voters, the effectiveness of polling, and what researchers know about how people make and hold opinions. Transcripts for each segment will be available after the show airs on [sciencefriday.com] (https://www.sciencefriday.com/episodes/october-4-2024/?utm_source=wnyc&utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=scifri) . [Subscribe to this podcast.] (https://pod.link/73329284) Plus, to stay updated on all things science, [sign up for Science Friday's newsletters] (https://www.sciencefriday.com/newsletters/?utm_source=wnyc&utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=scifri) . ... Read more

10 Oct 2024

18 MINS

18:18

10 Oct 2024


#148

How Gut Microbes Are Linked To Stress Resilience

The phrase “go with your gut” is often used to say one should follow their intuition in the face of a big decision. Recent research in the journal Nature Mental Health shows the gut really could have a big impact on mental health and decision-making. This study shows a clear link between people who [handle stressful situations well ] (https://www.sciencefriday.com/segments/gut-microbiome-stress-resilience/?utm_source=wnyc&utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=scifri) and certain biological signatures in their microbiomes. Certain metabolites and gene activity in study participants were associated with high emotional regulation and cognition. These more resilient participants also had reduced inflammation and improved gut barrier integrity. The study builds on previous research that shows [the brain and the gut are closely linked] (https://www.sciencefriday.com/segments/gut-microbiome-stress-resilience/?utm_source=wnyc&utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=scifri) , and that a dysregulation in one can lead to a dysregulation in the other. Lead author Dr. Arpana Church, co-director of UCLA’s Microbiome Center and associate professor of medicine, joins Ira to talk about the study. They also discuss how probiotics could someday be a promising treatment for mental health conditions. Transcripts for each segment will be available after the show airs on [sciencefriday.com] (https://www.sciencefriday.com/episodes/october-4-2024/?utm_source=wnyc&utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=scifri) . [Subscribe to this podcast.] (https://pod.link/73329284) Plus, to stay updated on all things science, [sign up for Science Friday's newsletters] (https://www.sciencefriday.com/newsletters/?utm_source=wnyc&utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=scifri) . ... Read more

09 Oct 2024

18 MINS

18:15

09 Oct 2024


#147

How Magnetic Brain Stimulation Helps Relieve Depression

As the surgeon general has stated, we are in a mental health crisis. Depression is the [leading cause] (https://www.sciencefriday.com/segments/tms-depression-treatment/) of disability worldwide. And a major challenge is that depression can be difficult to treat, especially for people who don’t respond well to talk therapy or antidepressants. But there’s a relatively new technique that seems to have [a significant positive impact] (https://www.sciencefriday.com/segments/tms-depression-treatment/) on people with treatment-resistant depression, even sending many of them into remission. It’s called [transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)] (https://www.sciencefriday.com/segments/tms-depression-treatment/) and it uses magnets to stimulate certain areas of the brain that play a role in depression. A team at Stanford developed a protocol for TMS that received FDA clearance in 2022 and, as of this year, it’s covered by Medicare. In a study from 2021, it was shown to improve remission rates for depression by up to 80%, with one patient calling it “a game changer.” So how does TMS work, and could it change the way we treat depression and other mental illnesses? Ira Flatow is joined by Dr. Nolan Williams, associate professor of psychiatry and behavioral sciences at Stanford University, where he’s also the director of the Stanford Brain Stimulation Lab. They talk about the advances that Williams’ team made with their SAINT protocol (Stanford Accelerated Intelligent Neuromodulation Therapy), patient experiences with the technology, and potential future applications of this technique. Transcripts for each segment will be available after the show airs on [sciencefriday.com.] (https://www.sciencefriday.com/episodes/october-4-2024/?utm_source=wnyc&utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=scifri) [Subscribe to this podcast.] (https://pod.link/73329284) Plus, to stay updated on all things science, [sign up for Science Friday's newsletters] (https://www.sciencefriday.com/newsletters/?utm_source=wnyc&utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=scifri) . ... Read more

08 Oct 2024

17 MINS

17:13

08 Oct 2024


#146

How The Origin Of Life On Earth Can Help Find Life In Space

The [origin of life on Earth ] (https://www.sciencefriday.com/segments/origin-of-life-on-earth-and-in-space-mario-livio-book/) has been mulled over by scientists for centuries. We now know that life’s building blocks are RNA, amino acids, and cells. But if life originated from the primordial ooze of early Earth, could that process be unfolding elsewhere in the universe? The search for life elsewhere in the universe is at the center of the book [Is Earth Exceptional?: The Quest for Cosmic Life] (https://bookshop.org/a/18570/9781541602960) , by Mario Livio and Jack Szostak. Dr. Livio, an astrophysicist previously with the Space Telescope Science Institute, which operates the Hubble Space Telescope, joins Ira to talk about the possibilities of life beyond Earth, and where we would most likely find it. Read an excerpt of [Is Earth Exceptional?: The Quest for Cosmic Life.] (https://www.sciencefriday.com/articles/origin-of-life-is-earth-exceptional-book/) Transcript for this segment will be available after the show airs on [sciencefriday.com.] (https://www.sciencefriday.com/episodes/october-4-2024/?utm_source=wnyc&utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=scifri) [Subscribe to this podcast.] (https://pod.link/73329284) Plus, to stay updated on all things science, [sign up for Science Friday's newsletters] (https://www.sciencefriday.com/newsletters/?utm_source=wnyc&utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=scifri) . ... Read more

07 Oct 2024

23 MINS

23:13

07 Oct 2024


#145

Hurricane Helene's Effect On The Global Tech Industry | A Stretchy Band-Aid For The Heart

The storm flooded mines in Spruce Pine, North Carolina, which supply the tech industry with some of the purest quartz in the world. Also, researchers developed a 3D-printable material, inspired by worms, that can act as a Band-Aid for damaged heart and cartilage tissue. Hurricane Helene’s Damage Could Affect The Global Tech Industry --------------------------------------------------------------- After making landfall on September 26, Hurricane Helene devastated regions in the southeastern US. Over 200 people are confirmed dead so far. About a million people are still without power, and many lack clean water. As climate change intensifies, hurricanes like Helene are expected to [occur more often] (https://www.sciencefriday.com/segments/hurricane-helene-tech-quartz-north-carolina/) and be more intense. What’s become very clear in the last few years is that due to the interconnectedness of the modern world, extreme weather in one place can have global implications. For example, Spruce Pine, North Carolina, home to around 2,200 people, flooded during Hurricane Helene. The town is also home to several mines that produce some of the [world’s purest quartz] (https://www.sciencefriday.com/segments/hurricane-helene-tech-quartz-north-carolina/) , an ingredient necessary to make solar panels, smartphones, semiconductors, and more. Ira talks with Umair Irfan, senior correspondent at Vox, about this and other science news of the week, including [a completed map of a fruit fly’s brain,] (https://www.sciencefriday.com/segments/hurricane-helene-tech-quartz-north-carolina/) how scientists in the United Kingdom are [screening newborns for rare diseases] (https://www.sciencefriday.com/segments/hurricane-helene-tech-quartz-north-carolina/) , and [how octopuses and fish are hunting as a team] (https://www.sciencefriday.com/segments/hurricane-helene-tech-quartz-north-carolina/) . A Strong, Stretchy, And Sticky Band-Aid For The Heart ----------------------------------------------------- The heart is an impressive organ that has to beat constantly for years. But what happens when heart tissue is damaged? Or when cartilage in joints like our knees wears out? These constantly moving tissues don’t regenerate easily, and there aren’t a lot of great treatment options. To address these kinds of problems, a team at University of Colorado Boulder invented a new strong, stretchy, and sticky [hydrogel material] (https://www.sciencefriday.com/segments/new-3d-printing-approach-for-custom-human-organs-implants-inspired-by-worms/) that could act as a Band-Aid to heart or tissue lesions. They were inspired by masses of worms that tangle and untangle themselves, behaving almost as both a solid and liquid. The team was able to replicate that in a molecular structure with the help of a new 3D-printing technique. And it could have applications far beyond medicine, including for manufacturing and improving the 3D-printing process itself. [Their research was published in the journal Science] (https://www.sciencefriday.com/segments/new-3d-printing-approach-for-custom-human-organs-implants-inspired-by-worms/) , and their lab has filed for a provisional patent for the material. Dr. Jason Burdick, professor of chemical and biological engineering at CU Boulder’s BioFrontiers Institute, joins Ira Flatow to talk about the new material and how it could improve future tissue and cartilage treatment. Transcripts for each segment will be available after the show airs on [sciencefriday.com.] (https://www.sciencefriday.com/episodes/october-4-2024/?utm_source=wnyc&utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=scifri) [Subscribe to this podcast.] (https://pod.link/73329284) Plus, to stay updated on all things science, [sign up for Science Friday's newsletters] (https://www.sciencefriday.com/newsletters/?utm_source=wnyc&utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=scifri) . ... Read more

04 Oct 2024

25 MINS

25:13

04 Oct 2024


#144

Herbicides Approved For Public Land | Hidden Physics In Van Gogh’s ‘The Starry Night’

This summer, the Bureau of Land Management approved seven herbicides to fight invasive plants in the West. Also, when scientists analyzed the swirls in the famous painting, they found Van Gogh depicted forces of nature with startling accuracy. What Newly Approved Herbicides Could Mean For Federal Land ---------------------------------------------------------- Invasive plants are a big problem across the western US. Cunning interlopers like cheatgrass, leafy spurge and red brome can outcompete native vegetation, crowd habitats and steal water and other vital soil nutrients. Of the 245 million acres controlled by the Bureau of Land Management, harmful non-native plants have already infested 79 million acres—an area larger than the states of Pennsylvania, Virginia and South Carolina combined. That’s why the federal agency felt the urgency to approve seven new herbicides to kill invasives on its land nationwide, said Seth Flanigan, a BLM senior invasive species specialist based in Idaho. “If we don’t remove this now, what is it going to look like 10 years from now?” he said. [Read the rest of this article on sciencefriday.com.] (https://www.sciencefriday.com/segments/new-herbicides-federal-land/?utm_source=wnyc&utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=scifri) The Hidden Physics In Van Gogh’s ‘The Starry Night’ --------------------------------------------------- One of Vincent Van Gogh’s most famous creations is “The Starry Night,” an oil painting of a quaint French village at night with a blue night sky that dramatically swirls around the yellow stars and moon. It’s easy to admire this painting as a casual viewer, but if you research fluid dynamics, one thing in particular stands out: those iconic swirls in the sky. To a physicist, they look an awful lot like the swirls that atmospheric turbulence produces. And some researchers have been wondering if Van Gogh’s swirls actually match [the mathematical models of turbulence theory.] (https://www.sciencefriday.com/segments/physics-van-gogh-starry-night/?utm_source=wnyc&utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=scifri) Well, a team of researchers from China and France set out to [analyze all the swirls in “The Starry Night,”] (https://www.sciencefriday.com/segments/physics-van-gogh-starry-night/?utm_source=wnyc&utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=scifri) and it turns out that Van Gogh had a knack for depicting the forces of nature. Their results were published in the journal Physics Of Fluid. Guest host Anna Rothschild sits down with Dr. Francois Schmitt, research professor in physics at the French National Centre for Scientific Research and co-author of the recent study, to talk about the hidden physics in this famous painting. Transcripts for each segment will be available after the show airs on [sciencefriday.com.] (https://www.sciencefriday.com/episodes/september-27-2024/?utm_source=wnyc&utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=scifri) [Subscribe to this podcast.] (https://pod.link/73329284) Plus, to stay updated on all things science, [sign up for Science Friday's newsletters] (https://www.sciencefriday.com/newsletters/?utm_source=wnyc&utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=scifri) . ... Read more

03 Oct 2024

17 MINS

17:35

03 Oct 2024


#143

Improving Hospitals’ Support For Teens In Mental Health Crises

This conversation discusses suicide and suicidal ideation in young people. Please take care while listening. If you or a loved one is thinking about suicide or self-harm, text TALK to 741-741 or call 9-8-8 to reach the 988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline. In the United States, suicide is the [second leading cause of death] (https://www.sciencefriday.com/segments/youth-suicide-risk-hospital-emergency-departments/?utm_source=wnyc&utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=scifri) for young people aged 10 to 24. One in five high school students seriously considered attempting suicide in 2023, according to the latest data from the CDC. Doctors, researchers, and mental health professionals have been looking for solutions to support our country’s struggling youth. One place to start is in [hospital emergency departments.] (https://www.sciencefriday.com/segments/youth-suicide-risk-hospital-emergency-departments/?utm_source=wnyc&utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=scifri) How can emergency departments be better equipped to help struggling teens, and potentially save lives? Guest host Anna Rothschild is joined by Dr. Samaa Kemal, an emergency medicine physician at the Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago to discuss her research on the subject. The following resources are available if you or someone close to you is in need of mental health support: ---Call 988 for the [Suicide & Crisis Lifeline] (https://988lifeline.org/current-events/the-lifeline-and-988/) . Or text TALK to 741-741. ---Call 1-800-662-HELP for the [SAMHSA National Helpline] (https://www.samhsa.gov/find-help/national-helpline) ; they can provide referral and information services for mental health and/or substance use disorder treatment. ---Locate additional resources through the [American Foundation for Suicide Prevention] (https://afsp.org/suicide-prevention-resources/) . Transcript for this segment will be available after the show airs on [sciencefriday.com.] (https://www.sciencefriday.com/episodes/september-27-2024/?utm_source=wnyc&utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=scifri) [Subscribe to this podcast.] (https://pod.link/73329284) Plus, to stay updated on all things science, [sign up for Science Friday's newsletters] (https://www.sciencefriday.com/newsletters/?utm_source=wnyc&utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=scifri) . ... Read more

02 Oct 2024

18 MINS

18:19

02 Oct 2024


#142

Greenhouse Gases From Anesthesia | Fighting Militarization In The Mariana Islands

Emissions from anesthesia are one of the largest sources of greenhouse gases from hospitals. This anesthesiologist wants to change that. And, a cultural anthropologist discusses the Mariana Islands’ long history of colonization and why demilitarization matters for climate progress. A Major Source Of Greenhouse Gases In Hospitals? Anesthesia ----------------------------------------------------------- Did you know that some of the [gases used in anesthesia] (https://www.sciencefriday.com/segments/anesthesia-greenhouse-gas-medical-climate-solutions/?utm_source=wnyc&utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=scifri) are strong greenhouse gases? A few years ago, Seattle Children’s Hospital analyzed its carbon footprint and found that the gases used in anesthesia made up about [7% of the hospital’s total emissions] (https://www.sciencefriday.com/segments/anesthesia-greenhouse-gas-medical-climate-solutions/?utm_source=wnyc&utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=scifri) , right behind emissions from heating and power and those from commuting. Faced with this problem, Dr. Elizabeth Hansen, a pediatric anesthesiologist at Seattle Children’s, took matters into her own hands and slashed the operating room’s emissions. She now helps other hospitals do the same with [Project Spruce] (https://www.sciencefriday.com/segments/anesthesia-greenhouse-gas-medical-climate-solutions/?utm_source=wnyc&utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=scifri) . Guest host Anna Rothschild talks with Dr. Hansen about how and why she took on the problem. Militarization And Environmental Injustice In The Mariana Islands ----------------------------------------------------------------- Let’s take a trip to the Northern Mariana Islands, a string of islands in the Pacific just north of Guam. The islands were sites of major battles during World War II and were captured by the United States in 1944. The US [established a military presence] (https://www.sciencefriday.com/segments/mariana-islands-militarization-climate-injustice/?utm_source=wnyc&utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=scifri) across the territory—including building the world’s largest air force base at the time, on an island called Tinian. The [US military never left] (https://www.sciencefriday.com/segments/mariana-islands-militarization-climate-injustice/?utm_source=wnyc&utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=scifri) , and in the 1980s, the Northern Mariana Islands became a US territory. A few years ago, the Pentagon proposed building a bombing range on an island called Pagan, but residents of the islands pushed back. Dr. Isa Arriola is a cultural anthropologist at Concordia University in Montreal and co-founder of the organization Our Common Wealth 670, based in Saipan, the capital of the Northern Mariana Islands. She’s fought back against the militarization of her home islands, and she talks with guest host Anna Rothschild about how the military presence has affected the people and environment of the Marianas, and why [demilitarization needs to be part of climate action] (https://www.sciencefriday.com/segments/mariana-islands-militarization-climate-injustice/?utm_source=wnyc&utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=scifri) . Transcripts for each segment will be available after the show airs on [sciencefriday.com] (https://www.sciencefriday.com/episodes/september-27-2024/?utm_source=wnyc&utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=scifri) . [Subscribe to this podcast.] (https://pod.link/73329284) Plus, to stay updated on all things science, [sign up for Science Friday's newsletters] (https://www.sciencefriday.com/newsletters/?utm_source=wnyc&utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=scifri) . ... Read more

01 Oct 2024

17 MINS

17:56

01 Oct 2024


#141

Empowering Older Adults To Step Up For The Climate

If you’re a baby boomer, you may remember the first Earth Day, the Civil Rights Movement, anti-war protests, and the first Pride parade. The list goes on, because the 1960s and 70s were packed with social revolutions. But the organization [Third Act] (https://www.sciencefriday.com/segments/climate-solutions-third-act-baby-boomers/?utm_source=wnyc&utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=scifri) has a message for boomers: Your work isn’t done yet. Third Act empowers folks [over the age of 60] (https://www.sciencefriday.com/segments/climate-solutions-third-act-baby-boomers/?utm_source=wnyc&utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=scifri) to get involved in the climate movement. It aims to leverage older generations’ access to power, money, and life experiences to create change. Ira Flatow talks with Third Act founder Bill McKibben and lead advisor Akaya Windwood about the importance of [including older adults in the climate movement] (https://www.sciencefriday.com/segments/climate-solutions-third-act-baby-boomers/?utm_source=wnyc&utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=scifri) . Transcripts for each segment will be available after the show airs on [sciencefriday.com] (https://www.sciencefriday.com/episodes/september-27-2024/?utm_source=wnyc&utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=scifri) . [Subscribe to this podcast.] (https://pod.link/73329284) Plus, to stay updated on all things science, [sign up for Science Friday's newsletters] (https://www.sciencefriday.com/newsletters/?utm_source=wnyc&utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=scifri) . ... Read more

30 Sep 2024

17 MINS

17:29

30 Sep 2024


#140

Microsoft Makes Deal To Restart Three Mile Island | Fish That Use Their Legs To Taste

The company is betting big on nuclear energy to meet increasing power needs of data centers and new technologies like AI. Also, new research into a strange fish known as the sea robin finds that leg-like appendages can “taste” prey buried in the sand. Microsoft Makes Deal To Restart Three Mile Island ------------------------------------------------- Three Mile Island in Pennsylvania has quite a reputation in the world of nuclear energy: One of its reactors suffered a catastrophic [partial meltdown in 1979] (https://www.sciencefriday.com/segments/microsoft-open-three-mile-island/?utm_source=wnyc&utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=scifri) , earning the title of the largest nuclear accident in US history. The failed reactor has been inoperable since the accident, while the other reactor shuttered in 2019. But now, tech giant Microsoft has [made a deal] (https://www.sciencefriday.com/segments/microsoft-open-three-mile-island/?utm_source=wnyc&utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=scifri) with the nuclear site to reopen Three Mile Island, and purchase all of its generating capacity over the next 20 years. As Big Tech bets big on artificial intelligence, the need for electricity to power data centers is increasing tremendously. Former Microsoft CEO Bill Gates is a large investor in nuclear energy. To help Science Friday celebrate Climate Week NYC, Casey Crownhart, climate reporter for MIT Technology Review joins guest host Anna Rothschild to discuss this and other top climate stories of the week. These Fish Use Their Legs (Yes, Legs) To Taste ---------------------------------------------- Your legs may help you get around, but what if they could also help you sniff out a snack? That’s a trick achieved by a fish called the sea robin. The fish, which lives on the seafloor, has an unusual appearance, with wing-like fins and leg-like appendages that it uses to walk along the ocean bottom. But in work [published this week] (https://www.sciencefriday.com/segments/sea-robin-leg-tasters/?utm_source=wnyc&utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=scifri) in the journal Current Biology, researchers report that those legs are also chemical sensing organs that can taste for prey buried under the sand. Dr. Nicholas Bellono, a professor of molecular and cellular biology at Harvard, first learned of the unusual fish on a visit to the Marine Biological Laboratory (MBL) in Woods Hole, Massachusetts, where he was planning to obtain squid and octopus for another research project. MBL workers showed Bellono and colleagues the sea robin, and explained that they have a reputation for being able to locate hidden prey—to the point that other organisms will follow the sea robin, hoping to get in on the meal. The intrigued researchers brought some sea robins back to the lab, and began [a series of experiments] (https://www.sciencefriday.com/segments/sea-robin-leg-tasters/?utm_source=wnyc&utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=scifri) to better understand their prey-sniffing abilities. Bellono joins guest host Anna Rothschild to talk about the fish, the genetic adaptations that allow it to sense the world through its legs, and the value of serendipity and curiosity-driven research in the scientific world.   Transcripts for each segment will be available after the show airs on [sciencefriday.com.] (https://www.sciencefriday.com/episodes/september-27-2024/?utm_source=wnyc&utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=scifri) [Subscribe to this podcast.] (https://pod.link/73329284) Plus, to stay updated on all things science, [sign up for Science Friday's newsletters] (https://www.sciencefriday.com/newsletters/?utm_source=wnyc&utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=scifri) . ... Read more

27 Sep 2024

24 MINS

24:55

27 Sep 2024


#139

Former NIH Director Reflects On Public Mistrust In Science

In 2021, [Dr. Francis Collins] (https://www.sciencefriday.com/segments/francis-collins-book-mistrust-science/?utm_source=wnyc&utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=scifri) stepped down after a dozen years leading the National Institutes of Health. He had just overseen the government’s response to the COVID-19 pandemic,in the early days of changing public health guidance as scientists learned more about this new virus. He was also involved in the quickest development of a vaccine in history. Now, he’s had some time to reflect on how the US arrived at such a divisive place about COVID-19 and vaccines, how trust in science has dwindled, and what we can do about it. Ira sits down with Dr. Collins to talk about the lessons from his new book, [The Road to Wisdom: On Truth, Science, Faith and Trust,] (https://www.sciencefriday.com/segments/francis-collins-book-mistrust-science/?utm_source=wnyc&utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=scifri) and why he decided to speak publicly about his prostate cancer diagnosis. Transcripts for each segment will be available after the show airs on [sciencefriday.com.] (https://www.sciencefriday.com/episodes/september-20-2024/?utm_source=wnyc&utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=scifri) [Subscribe to this podcast.] (https://pod.link/73329284) Plus, to stay updated on all things science, [sign up for Science Friday's newsletters] (https://www.sciencefriday.com/newsletters/?utm_source=wnyc&utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=scifri) . ... Read more

26 Sep 2024

23 MINS

23:52

26 Sep 2024


#138

How Are AI Chatbots Changing Scientific Publishing?

Since ChatGPT was released to the public almost three years ago, generative AI chatbots have had many impacts on our society: They played a large role in the recent Hollywood strikes, energy usage is spiking because of them, and they’re having a chilling effect on various writing-related industries. But they’re also affecting the world of research papers and scientific publishing. They do offer some benefits, like making technical research papers easier to read, which could make research more accessible to the public and also greatly aid non-English speaking researchers. But AI chatbots also raise a host of new issues. Researchers estimate that a significant amount of papers from the last couple years were [at least partially written by AI] (https://www.sciencefriday.com/segments/use-of-generative-ai-in-scientific-papers/?utm_source=wnyc&utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=scifri) , and others suspect that they are supercharging the production of fake research papers, which has led to thousands of paper retractions across major journals in recent years. Major scientific journals are struggling with how to set guidelines for generative AI use in research papers, given that so-called AI-writing detectors are [not as accurate] (https://www.sciencefriday.com/segments/use-of-generative-ai-in-scientific-papers/?utm_source=wnyc&utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=scifri) as they were once thought to be. So what does the future of scientific publishing look like in a world where AI chatbots are a reality? And how does that affect the level of trust that the public has with science? Ira Flatow sits down with Dr. Jessamy Bagenal, senior executive editor at The Lancet and adjunct professor at University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, to talk about how generative AI is changing the way scientific papers are written, how it’s fueling the fake-paper industry, and how she thinks publishers should adjust their submission guidelines in response. Transcripts for each segment will be available after the show airs on [sciencefriday.com.] (https://www.sciencefriday.com/episodes/september-20-2024/?utm_source=wnyc&utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=scifri) [Subscribe to this podcast.] (https://pod.link/73329284) Plus, to stay updated on all things science, [sign up for Science Friday's newsletters] (https://www.sciencefriday.com/newsletters/?utm_source=wnyc&utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=scifri) . ... Read more

25 Sep 2024

17 MINS

17:58

25 Sep 2024


#137

These Artists Serve Up Environmental Crises Through Food

Would you be interested in a cookie [infused with smog] (https://www.sciencefriday.com/segments/environmental-crisis-food-future/?utm_source=wnyc&utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=scifri) from your favorite city? Maybe a loaf of sourdough made from wheat tainted by wildfires? Those are just a few of the projects from the [Center for Genomic Gastronomy] (https://www.sciencefriday.com/segments/environmental-crisis-food-future/?utm_source=wnyc&utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=scifri) , based in Amsterdam and Portugal, where artists use innovative ingredients to represent environmental crises and imagine what the future of food could look like. Ira talks with Zack Denfeld, co-founder of the Center for Genomic Gastronomy, about how art and food can help us envision a more sustainable food system. [Read the full story about how artists and chefs are putting ecological crises on the menu.] (https://www.sciencefriday.com/articles/artists-chefs-climate-ecological-crises-food-flavor/?utm_source=wnyc&utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=scifri) Transcripts for each segment will be available after the show airs on [sciencefriday.com.] (https://www.sciencefriday.com/episodes/september-20-2024/?utm_source=wnyc&utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=scifri) [Subscribe to this podcast.] (https://pod.link/73329284) Plus, to stay updated on all things science, [sign up for Science Friday's newsletters] (https://www.sciencefriday.com/newsletters/?utm_source=wnyc&utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=scifri) . ... Read more

24 Sep 2024

12 MINS

12:50

24 Sep 2024


#136

Surgeon General Takes On Parental Stress And Mental Health

Parenting is a tough job. Some days are absolutely overwhelming, balancing a job, a home, and a child’s needs. One thing goes wrong and it’s like a house of cards falling apart. Not to mention, being keenly aware of how the parents around you are doing. Are you keeping up? Surgeon General Dr. Vivek Murthy is paying close attention. [His most recent advisory] (https://www.sciencefriday.com/segments/surgeon-general-parent-stress-mental-health/?utm_source=wnyc&utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=scifri) is about parental stress and mental health. It’s been a busy summer for Dr. Murthy. He’s called for a warning label on social media because of its effects on mental health and declared gun violence a public health crisis. Ira talks with the Surgeon General in depth about these latest initiatives. Transcripts for each segment will be available after the show airs on [sciencefriday.com.] (https://www.sciencefriday.com/episodes/september-20-2024/?utm_source=wnyc&utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=scifri) [Subscribe to this podcast.] (https://pod.link/73329284) Plus, to stay updated on all things science, [sign up for Science Friday's newsletters] (https://www.sciencefriday.com/newsletters/?utm_source=wnyc&utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=scifri) . ... Read more

23 Sep 2024

25 MINS

25:55

23 Sep 2024


#135

Earth May Once Have Had A Ring Like Saturn | An AI For Sand

The ring would have gradually fallen to Earth as meteorites, correlating to a spike of impacts seen in the geological record. Also, a new AI tool can judge whether sand came from a beach, a river, a glacial deposit, or a wind-blown dune. Earth May Once Have Had A Ring Like Saturn ------------------------------------------ Hundreds of millions of years ago, Earth may have looked quite different when viewed from space: Scientists propose it may have had a [Saturn-like ring] (https://www.sciencefriday.com/segments/earth-ring-like-saturn/?utm_source=wnyc&utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=scifri) , made up of lots of smaller asteroids. The new paper, published in Earth and Planetary Science Letters, proposes that this ring formed around 466 million years ago. A major source of evidence is a [band of impact craters near the equator.] (https://www.sciencefriday.com/segments/earth-ring-like-saturn/?utm_source=wnyc&utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=scifri) The researchers also posit the ring would have shaded this equatorial area, possibly changing global temperatures and creating an icehouse period. Ira speaks to Rachel Feltman, host of the Popular Science podcast “The Weirdest Thing I Learned This Week,” about this and other top science stories of the week, including how lizards use bubbles to “scuba dive” underwater, and ancient cave art that possibly shows a long-extinct species. An AI To Identify The Environment A Grain Of Sand Came From ----------------------------------------------------------- If you were given a bucket of sand and asked to determine where it came from, you’d probably have a hard time guessing if it was from a beach, a riverbank, the playground down the street, or a Saharan sand dune. There are experts who can make a guess at that sort of ID, using a categorization process that takes skill, a scanning electron microscope, and hours of time. Now, however, researchers report in the [Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences] (https://www.sciencefriday.com/segments/ai-for-identifying-sand-grains/?utm_source=wnyc&utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=scifri) that they’ve developed an AI model that can quickly judge whether a sample of sand came from a beach, a river, a glacial deposit, or a wind-blown dune. That type of identification isn’t just of interest to geologists. Sand is one of the world’s most in-demand resources, second only to water in use. And different applications need different types of sand—for instance, making concrete and mortar requires angular sand for good adhesion and stability. These kinds of needs have given rise to illicit sand mining, sand theft, and sand smuggling. A way of rapidly identifying the origins of a sample of sand could be useful to investigators, or to companies seeking to ensure sustainability goals. Michael Hasson, a PhD candidate in Stanford’s Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, joins SciFri’s Charles Bergquist to discuss the new [SandAI,] (https://www.sciencefriday.com/segments/ai-for-identifying-sand-grains/?utm_source=wnyc&utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=scifri) and the challenges of tracking grains of sand. Transcripts for each segment will be available after the show airs on [sciencefriday.com.] (https://www.sciencefriday.com/episodes/september-20-2024/?utm_source=wnyc&utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=scifri) [Subscribe to this podcast.] (https://pod.link/73329284) Plus, to stay updated on all things science, [sign up for Science Friday's newsletters] (https://www.sciencefriday.com/newsletters/?utm_source=wnyc&utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=scifri) . ... Read more

20 Sep 2024

22 MINS

22:30

20 Sep 2024


#134

Physicists Create Heaviest Antimatter Nucleus | Bird Species May Team Up For Migration

The heaviest antimatter nucleus to date was spotted in a particle accelerator. It could provide new insights into the nature of matter. And, research indicates different songbird species might intentionally travel together during migration, giving each other a possible boost in survival. Physicists Create Heaviest Antimatter Nucleus Yet ------------------------------------------------- Antimatter is one of science’s great mysteries. It is produced all around us for fractions of a second, until it collides with matter, and the particles annihilate one another. But what is it? [Antimatter is just like matter] (https://www.sciencefriday.com/segments/heavy-antimatter-research/?utm_source=wnyc&utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=scifri) , except for one thing. Its particles have the same mass as ordinary matter, but an opposite charge. For example, an electron has a negative charge, so an anti-electron—called a positron—weighs the same, but has a positive charge. Antimatter is a natural product of some types of radioactive decay and cosmic ray collisions, but it can also be made in particle colliders here on Earth. But making antimatter particles this way is difficult and expensive—let alone controlling them enough to create an entire anti-atom. NASA estimates that creating [a gram of antimatter would cost about $62.5 trillion] (https://www.sciencefriday.com/segments/heavy-antimatter-research/?utm_source=wnyc&utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=scifri) . But why does antimatter matter? It may hold the key to understanding one of the universe’s biggest mysteries: why there’s something rather than nothing. Cosmologists say that during the Big Bang, matter and antimatter should have been created in equal amounts. But everything around us today is mostly matter, meaning either that there was an excess of matter created, or that matter and antimatter don’t quite follow the rules physicists expect. Recently, scientists at Brookhaven National Laboratory’s Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider spotted 16 instances of [the heaviest exotic antimatter nucleus] (https://www.sciencefriday.com/segments/heavy-antimatter-research/?utm_source=wnyc&utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=scifri) observed to date: antihyperhydrogen-4. To explore what this breakthrough means for antimatter research, SciFri producer Charles Bergquist talks to Dr. Jamie Dunlop, associate department chair for nuclear physics at Brookhaven National Laboratory. Different Bird Species May Team Up For Migration ------------------------------------------------ This season, [billions of birds] (https://www.sciencefriday.com/segments/songbird-species-work-together-during-migration/?utm_source=wnyc&utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=scifri) will take to the skies as they flock to their wintering grounds. With so many different species on the move, they’re bound to run into each other. A new study in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences suggests that this mixing and mingling might not be coincidental. In fact, different bird species could have [their own social networks] (https://www.sciencefriday.com/segments/songbird-species-work-together-during-migration/?utm_source=wnyc&utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=scifri) that might boost each others’ survival. SciFri producer Kathleen Davis talks with lead author Dr. Joely DeSimone, migration ecologist at the University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science Appalachian Laboratory, about untangling avian relationships. Transcripts for each segment will be available after the show airs on [sciencefriday.com] (https://www.sciencefriday.com/episodes/september-13-2024/?utm_source=wnyc&utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=scifri) . [Subscribe to this podcast.] (https://pod.link/73329284) Plus, to stay updated on all things science, [sign up for Science Friday's newsletters] (https://www.sciencefriday.com/newsletters/?utm_source=wnyc&utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=scifri) . ... Read more

19 Sep 2024

18 MINS

18:53

19 Sep 2024


#133

Your Questions About The Updated COVID Vaccines, Answered

SciFri producer Kathleen Davis talks with Dr. Kizzmekia Corbett-Helaire, assistant professor of immunology and infectious diseases at Harvard’s T.H. Chan School of Public Health to help [answer our listeners’ top questions about the updated COVID-19 vaccines] (https://www.sciencefriday.com/segments/questions-updated-covid-vaccine-booster-2024/?utm_source=wnyc&utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=scifri) . This Q&A, which includes questions from our audience members, has been adapted from our interview with Dr. Kizzmekia Corbett-Helaire. It has been edited for clarity and brevity. If I’ve already had COVID and it wasn’t so bad, [why should I even bother] (https://www.sciencefriday.com/segments/questions-updated-covid-vaccine-booster-2024/?utm_source=wnyc&utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=scifri) with this new booster? There’s always a chance that COVID-19 will cause more than the sniffles, or that you could end up in the emergency room—especially for older people. Why take that chance when you have the option to go to your local CVS and, in many cases, get a free vaccine that has been proven to decrease your chances of more severe disease? My hope is that as time progresses, people become more comfortable with the idea of getting seasonal vaccinations for COVID-19 along with flu.   Is the new COVID-19 vaccine one shot? Yes. [Read the full Q&A at sciencefriday.com.] (https://www.sciencefriday.com/segments/questions-updated-covid-vaccine-booster-2024/?utm_source=wnyc&utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=scifri) Transcripts for each segment will be available after the show airs on [sciencefriday.com] (https://www.sciencefriday.com/episodes/september-13-2024/?utm_source=wnyc&utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=scifri) . [Subscribe to this podcast.] (https://pod.link/73329284) Plus, to stay updated on all things science, [sign up for Science Friday's newsletters] (https://www.sciencefriday.com/newsletters/?utm_source=wnyc&utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=scifri) . ... Read more

18 Sep 2024

18 MINS

18:12

18 Sep 2024


#132

To Confront Climate Change, Imagine Getting It Right

Part of the reason it’s difficult to talk about climate change is that it can be hard to see a long-term positive outcome for people and the planet. But Dr. Ayana Elizabeth Johnson, a marine biologist and co-founder of the Urban Ocean Lab, argues that to prevent the worst effects of climate change, we have to start by asking ourselves, [what if we get it right?] (https://www.sciencefriday.com/segments/book-ayana-elizabeth-johnson-climate-solutions/?utm_source=wnyc&utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=scifri) She’s the author of a new book with that same title, [What If We Get It Right? Visions of Climate Futures.] (https://www.sciencefriday.com/segments/book-ayana-elizabeth-johnson-climate-solutions/?utm_source=wnyc&utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=scifri) In the book, she poses that question to experts in oceans, farming, architecture, finance, and even Hollywood to find out what getting it right looks like in their own fields and what those solutions could look like for the rest of us. Read an excerpt from [What If We Get It Right? Visions of Climate Futures.] (https://www.sciencefriday.com/articles/climate-solutions-dont-need-hope/?utm_source=wnyc&utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=scifri) Transcripts for each segment will be available after the show airs on [sciencefriday.com.] (https://www.sciencefriday.com/episodes/september-13-2024/?utm_source=wnyc&utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=scifri) [Subscribe to this podcast.] (https://pod.link/73329284) Plus, to stay updated on all things science, [sign up for Science Friday's newsletters] (https://www.sciencefriday.com/newsletters/?utm_source=wnyc&utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=scifri) . ... Read more

17 Sep 2024

18 MINS

18:07

17 Sep 2024


#131

What Research Shows About Smartphone Bans In Schools

Kids and teens are back in school, and the battle over the smartphones in their pockets is becoming more prominent. For years, teachers and parents have lamented about the distractions these devices cause in and out of the classroom. Last year, the US surgeon general declared a [youth mental health crisis] (https://www.sciencefriday.com/segments/smartphone-ban-in-schools/?utm_source=wnyc&utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=scifri) , citing social media as a significant factor, and more than 40 US states are suing Meta, owner of Facebook and Instagram, arguing that the company intentionally manipulated their apps to addict teens and kids. A 2021 survey showed that [76% of US public schools prohibit cellphones] (https://www.sciencefriday.com/segments/smartphone-ban-in-schools/?utm_source=wnyc&utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=scifri) . Seven states have implemented bans, and 14 more recently introduced similar legislation. To parents and educators, it might seem that phones and social media are bad for kids and bad for learning. But research shows that the reality is more complicated, with some suggesting that a blanket smartphone ban isn’t necessarily the solution. So what are the best ways to approach school phone bans? What do we know about the psychological effects of smartphones on kids and teens? And why does this research tend to defy simple answers? To answer these questions, guest host and SciFri producer Kathleen Davis is joined by Dr. Emily Weinstein, co-director of the Center for Digital Thriving at Harvard University, and the author of Behind Their Screens: What Teens Are Facing (And Adults Are Missing), and Sandy Roberts, education program manager at Science Friday and former middle school teacher. Transcripts for each segment will be available after the show airs on [sciencefriday.com.] (https://www.sciencefriday.com/episodes/september-13-2024/?utm_source=wnyc&utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=scifri) [Subscribe to this podcast.] (https://pod.link/73329284) Plus, to stay updated on all things science, [sign up for Science Friday's newsletters] (https://www.sciencefriday.com/newsletters/?utm_source=wnyc&utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=scifri) . ... Read more

16 Sep 2024

17 MINS

17:41

16 Sep 2024


#130

First Citizen Spacewalk | First Successful Whole-Eye Transplant, Over A Year Later

SpaceX Crew Completes First Citizen Spacewalk --------------------------------------------- Big news in the world of commercial space flight: On Thursday morning, Jared Iasaacman and Sarah Gillis, members of [SpaceX’s Polaris Dawn mission,] (https://www.sciencefriday.com/segments/spacex-first-citizen-spacewalk/?utm_source=wnyc&utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=scifri) became the first civilians to complete a spacewalk. The mission is a collaboration between Elon Musk’s SpaceX and Isaacman, a billionaire tech entrepreneur. While outside the spacecraft, the two crew members conducted mobility tests on their spacesuits. SciFri Producer Kathleen Davis talks with Jason Dinh, climate editor at Atmos Magazine about this and other top science news of the week including [deadly cholera outbreaks] (https://www.sciencefriday.com/segments/spacex-first-citizen-spacewalk/?utm_source=wnyc&utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=scifri) , [germs at 10,000 ft] (https://www.sciencefriday.com/segments/spacex-first-citizen-spacewalk/?utm_source=wnyc&utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=scifri) , and [Japanese eels that can escape a fish stomach] (https://www.sciencefriday.com/segments/spacex-first-citizen-spacewalk/?utm_source=wnyc&utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=scifri) through their gills. The First Successful Whole-Eye Transplant, Over A Year Later ------------------------------------------------------------ In May of 2023, there was a massive advance in the world of organ transplantation: the first whole human eye and partial face transplant. The man at the center of this procedure is [46-year-old Aaron James] (https://www.sciencefriday.com/segments/first-whole-eye-transplant-one-year-later/?utm_source=wnyc&utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=scifri) , who sustained significant facial injuries from a high-voltage work accident. At the time, it was unclear just how successful the operation would be. Previous tests in animals had resulted in shrinkage of the transplanted eye, if not outright rejection. But now, more than a year after the transplant, [a new paper in the journal JAMA] (https://www.sciencefriday.com/segments/first-whole-eye-transplant-one-year-later/?utm_source=wnyc&utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=scifri) outlines the success of this first-of-its-kind operation. While James cannot see out of his new eye, there is blood flow, normal pressure, and a retinal response to light. Guest host Kathleen Davis speaks with Dr. Daniel Ceradini, director of research at NYU Langone’s Department of Plastic Surgery and first author of the JAMA study. They discuss the implications this success could have for the future of eye surgery, and the dramatic improvements in James’ quality of life. Transcripts for each segment will be available after the show airs on [sciencefriday.com.] (https://www.sciencefriday.com/episodes/september-13-2024/?utm_source=wnyc&utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=scifri) [Subscribe to this podcast.] (https://pod.link/73329284) Plus, to stay updated on all things science, [sign up for Science Friday's newsletters] (https://www.sciencefriday.com/newsletters/?utm_source=wnyc&utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=scifri) . ... Read more

13 Sep 2024

24 MINS

24:19

13 Sep 2024


#129

‘Time Capsule’ Rocks And Earth’s Mantle | Genetically Engineering Stronger Wood

Samples of 2.5 billion-year-old mantle rocks found at spreading ocean ridges could put bounds on models of how the planet formed. And, researchers decreased the amount of lignin in poplar tree wood, making it stronger and slower to deteriorate. ‘Time Capsule’ Rocks Provide Clues About Earth’s Mantle ------------------------------------------------------- If you’re looking to really learn about the history of our planet, look to geology. Ancient rocks can provide a time capsule of the conditions in which they formed. But even the geologic record has its limits—rocks and minerals get weathered, buried, heated, melted, and recycled over time—so geologists need to search out [rare super-old geologic holdouts] (https://www.sciencefriday.com/segments/time-capsule-rocks-earths-mantle-chemistry/?utm_source=wnyc&utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=scifri) to tell about the earliest times. Writing in the journal Nature in July, researchers described what they can learn about the [chemical history of Earth’s mantle] (https://www.sciencefriday.com/segments/time-capsule-rocks-earths-mantle-chemistry/?utm_source=wnyc&utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=scifri) , the geologic layer beneath the planet’s crust, from studying 2.5 billion-year-old rocks collected at spreading ocean ridges. They found that these unusual mantle rocks didn’t necessarily have to have been formed in a world with less available oxygen, but could have been produced just by the mantle layer being hotter long ago. Dr. Elizabeth Cottrell, chair of the Department of Mineral Sciences at the Smithsonian’s National Museum of Natural History, joins Ira to talk about the research and why [a collection of old rocks] (https://www.sciencefriday.com/segments/time-capsule-rocks-earths-mantle-chemistry/?utm_source=wnyc&utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=scifri) is an important part of international scientific infrastructure. Genetically Engineering Stronger Poplar Tree Wood ------------------------------------------------- Trees play a big role in the fight against climate change: They can [soak up carbon dioxide ] (https://www.sciencefriday.com/segments/genetically-engineering-stronger-poplar-tree-wood/?utm_source=wnyc&utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=scifri) from the air and store it for centuries in the form of biomass. But it turns out that trees could be doing even more. In 2023, Science Friday covered how the company Living Carbon had genetically engineered poplar trees to have a more efficient photosynthesis process. This allowed the trees to grow twice as fast and store 30% more carbon biomass than regular poplars, making them ideal for the carbon credit market. Recently, researchers at the University of Maryland also experimented with genetically modifying poplar trees. But this time, they had a different goal in mind. They modified the tree to [reduce the amount of lignin] (https://www.sciencefriday.com/segments/genetically-engineering-stronger-poplar-tree-wood/?utm_source=wnyc&utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=scifri) in its wood. This made the wood stronger without the need for harsh chemical processing. It also slowed the deterioration rate of the wood, which allows it to store carbon for longer periods. To explain more about [this “super wood,” ] (https://www.sciencefriday.com/segments/genetically-engineering-stronger-poplar-tree-wood/?utm_source=wnyc&utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=scifri) SciFri guest host Sophie Bushwick is joined by the lead plant geneticist on the study, Dr. Yiping Qi, associate professor at Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture at the University of Maryland. Transcripts for each segment will be available after the show airs on [sciencefriday.com] (https://www.sciencefriday.com/episodes/september-6-2024/?utm_source=wnyc&utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=scifri) . [Subscribe to this podcast.] (https://pod.link/73329284) Plus, to stay updated on all things science, [sign up for Science Friday's newsletters] (https://www.sciencefriday.com/newsletters/?utm_source=wnyc&utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=scifri) . ... Read more

12 Sep 2024

17 MINS

17:44

12 Sep 2024


#128

To This Neuroscientist, Cows Are Like Puppies

If you’ve ever seen a cute cow video on social media, you might notice they seem to have a lot in common with dogs. They can wag their tails, they love to gobble down tasty treats, and if you’re lucky, they might flop over for a nice belly or neck scratch. [Cows are clearly emotional] (https://www.sciencefriday.com/segments/cowpuppy-book-cow-intelligence-emotions/?utm_source=wnyc&utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=scifri) animals, but how smart are they exactly? That’s the question that neuroscientist and author Dr. Gregory Berns had when he and his wife moved from Atlanta to the Georgia countryside in 2020, and [started raising cows of their own] (https://www.sciencefriday.com/segments/cowpuppy-book-cow-intelligence-emotions/?utm_source=wnyc&utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=scifri) . And to better understand them, he applied his years of experience researching the brains of animals, like dogs and dolphins. He joins guest host Sophie Bushwick to talk about his new book, Cowpuppy: An Unexpected Friendship And A Scientist’s Journey Into The Secret World Of Cows. [Read an excerpt of Cowpuppy: An Unexpected Friendship And A Scientist’s Journey Into The Secret World Of Cows] (https://www.sciencefriday.com/articles/cowpuppy-cattle-cow-farming-excerpt/?utm_source=wnyc&utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=scifri) . Transcripts for each segment will be available after the show airs on [sciencefriday.com] (https://www.sciencefriday.com/episodes/september-6-2024/?utm_source=wnyc&utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=scifri) . [Subscribe to this podcast.] (https://pod.link/73329284) Plus, to stay updated on all things science, [sign up for Science Friday's newsletters] (https://www.sciencefriday.com/newsletters/?utm_source=wnyc&utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=scifri) . ... Read more

11 Sep 2024

18 MINS

18:08

11 Sep 2024


#127

Fishing For—And Saving—Sharks | Scientists Identify ‘ManhattAnt’ Spreading Across NYC

Shark fishing is alive and well, but the fishermen who do it are increasingly prioritizing conservation. And, an unknown ant was spotted in Manhattan in 2011, and it quickly spread through New York City. We now know what it is. Fishing For—And Saving—Sharks off the Jersey Shore -------------------------------------------------- At an undisclosed beach at 5:30 p.m. in New Jersey, shark fisherman AJ Rotondella and two clients wait for beachgoers to leave. Once the beach is empty, Rotondella [cuts up some chunks of fish as bait] (https://www.sciencefriday.com/segments/shark-fishing-conservation-new-jersey/?utm_source=wnyc&utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=scifri) , and casts lines into the water. “I shark fish, shark fish, shark fish, eat pizza, and shark fish … that’s pretty much it,” Rotondella said. “Waking up in the morning … wide open ocean, anything could be anywhere at any time. And I think that’s fascinating. No matter how long you’ve done this, you’ve never seen it all.” He has always loved fishing, and [got into shark fishing 13 years ago] (https://www.sciencefriday.com/segments/shark-fishing-conservation-new-jersey/?utm_source=wnyc&utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=scifri) , when his brother told him they could catch sharks from the beach. They caught two on their first day and could not catch another shark for the rest of the year. “That really got me interested because I knew it was possible, but I couldn’t do it again,” he said. “I … absolutely obsessed over this.” But Rotondella had a steep learning curve ahead of him. By trial and error, sometimes staying on a beach for multiple days, he learned how to read the tides, water temperatures, currents, and even phases of the moon to figure out how to track the sharks. [Read the full story at sciencefriday.com.] (https://www.sciencefriday.com/segments/shark-fishing-conservation-new-jersey/?utm_source=wnyc&utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=scifri) Scientists Identify The ‘ManhattAnt’ Spreading Across NYC --------------------------------------------------------- New York City is home to more than 8 million people. But there’s another massive population below their feet: ants. In 2011, when surveying ant populations on Broadway and Times Square, researchers got quite a surprise: [an unidentified species of ant] (https://www.sciencefriday.com/segments/manhattant-new-york-ant-identified/?utm_source=wnyc&utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=scifri) , which was soon dubbed the “ManhattAnt.” Since then, it has become the [second-most populous ant] (https://www.sciencefriday.com/segments/manhattant-new-york-ant-identified/?utm_source=wnyc&utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=scifri) species in New York City. Earlier this year, [the first study on this unidentified species] (https://www.sciencefriday.com/segments/manhattant-new-york-ant-identified/?utm_source=wnyc&utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=scifri) was released. It concluded that this species, Lasius emarginatus, likely hitchhiked from Europe to the US. Though their populations have grown tremendously, it’s unclear how the ants are interacting with New York’s native ants. Joining guest host Sophie Bushwick to discuss this ant species is Dr. Clint Penick, assistant professor of insect ecology at Auburn University in Auburn, Alabama. Transcripts for each segment will be available after the show airs on [sciencefriday.com] (https://www.sciencefriday.com/episodes/september-6-2024/?utm_source=wnyc&utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=scifri) . [Subscribe to this podcast.] (https://pod.link/73329284) Plus, to stay updated on all things science, [sign up for Science Friday's newsletters] (https://www.sciencefriday.com/newsletters/?utm_source=wnyc&utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=scifri) . ... Read more

10 Sep 2024

18 MINS

18:22

10 Sep 2024


#126

Using DNA To Boost Digital Data Storage And Processing

You might be familiar with a gigabyte, one of the most popular units of measure for computer storage. A two-hour movie is 3 gigabytes on average, while your phone can probably store 256 gigabytes. But did you know that [your body also stores information] (https://www.sciencefriday.com/segments/dna-digital-data-storage-processing/?utm_source=wnyc&utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=scifri) in its own way? We see this in DNA, which has the instructions needed for an organism to develop, survive, and reproduce. In computing storage terms, each cell of [our body contains about 1.5 gigabytes worth of data] (https://www.sciencefriday.com/segments/dna-digital-data-storage-processing/?utm_source=wnyc&utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=scifri) . And with about 30 trillion cells in our bodies, we could theoretically store about 45 trillion gigabytes—also known as 45 zettabytes—which is equivalent to about one fourth of all the data in the world today. Recently, a group of researchers was able to develop a technology that allows computer storage and processing using DNA’s ability to store information by [turning genetic code into binary code] (https://www.sciencefriday.com/segments/dna-digital-data-storage-processing/?utm_source=wnyc&utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=scifri) . This technology could have a major impact on the way we do computing and digital storage. To explain more about this technology, SciFri guest host Sophie Bushwick is joined by two professors from North Carolina State University’s Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Dr. Albert Keung and Dr. Orlin Velev. Transcripts for each segment will be available after the show airs on [sciencefriday.com] (https://www.sciencefriday.com/episodes/september-6-2024/?utm_source=wnyc&utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=scifri) . [Subscribe to this podcast.] (https://pod.link/73329284) Plus, to stay updated on all things science, [sign up for Science Friday's newsletters] (https://www.sciencefriday.com/newsletters/?utm_source=wnyc&utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=scifri) . ... Read more

09 Sep 2024

17 MINS

17:39

09 Sep 2024


#125

An Asteroid Impact, Spotted In Advance | Extreme Heat Is Making Learning More Difficult

ESA officials said it was only the ninth time an asteroid was spotted before reaching Earth’s atmosphere. And, as the climate changes and summer temperatures linger, educators are increasingly worried about keeping kids safe from heat exhaustion. An Asteroid Impact, Spotted In Advance -------------------------------------- On Wednesday, an asteroid named 2024 RW1 burned up in the atmosphere above the Philippines. As asteroids go, it was not especially notable. Astronomers say objects the size of 2024 RW1, which was about a meter in diameter, encounter the Earth [about every two weeks] (https://www.sciencefriday.com/segments/an-asteroid-impact-spotted-in-advance/?utm_source=wnyc&utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=scifri) . Due to local weather conditions, not many ground observers were able to see the fireball produced by the impact on the atmosphere. But astronomers on the Catalina Sky Survey project had observed the asteroid a few hours earlier as it approached the planet, and were able to give a prediction for where and when it was likely to enter the atmosphere. European Space Agency officials said [it was only the ninth time] (https://www.sciencefriday.com/segments/an-asteroid-impact-spotted-in-advance/?utm_source=wnyc&utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=scifri) people were able to spot an asteroid in advance of Earth impact. SciFri’s Charles Bergquist joins guest host Sophie Bushwick to talk about that astronomical event and other stories from the week in science, including work on gold nugget geophysics, a potential advance in pain medications, and the mystery of a missing pregnant shark. Extreme Heat Is Making Learning—And Teaching—More Difficult ----------------------------------------------------------- Kids across the United States just kicked off a new school year. But in recent years, summer weather has spilled over into fall, with temperatures staying hotter than normal through September and even into October. Sitting in [a sweltering classroom] (https://www.sciencefriday.com/segments/extreme-heat-schools-heat-exhaustion/?utm_source=wnyc&utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=scifri) can make learning difficult—and even dangerous. [A recent story in The 19th ] (https://www.sciencefriday.com/segments/extreme-heat-schools-heat-exhaustion/?utm_source=wnyc&utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=scifri) describes how learning and teaching have become more challenging as the climate heats up. Guest host Sophie Bushwick talks with The 19th reporter Jessica Kutz about her reporting and what solutions might be on the horizon. Transcripts for each segment will be available after the show airs on [sciencefriday.com] (https://www.sciencefriday.com/episodes/september-6-2024/?utm_source=wnyc&utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=scifri) . [Subscribe to this podcast.] (https://pod.link/73329284) Plus, to stay updated on all things science, [sign up for Science Friday's newsletters] (https://www.sciencefriday.com/newsletters/?utm_source=wnyc&utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=scifri) . ... Read more

06 Sep 2024

25 MINS

25:04

06 Sep 2024


#124

Dino-Killing Asteroid Was Rich In Carbon | The Dogs Sniffing Out Spotted Lanternflies

A new study suggests that the asteroid that killed the dinosaurs may have originated from the outer parts of the solar system. And, invasive spotted lanternflies often lay eggs on vehicles and shipped goods. Now researchers are training dogs to sniff them out before they hatch. Asteroid That Killed The Dinosaurs Was A Carbon-Rich Rock --------------------------------------------------------- Around 66 million years ago, an asteroid slammed into the Earth, blasted debris everywhere, plummeted the planet into cold darkness, and [ended the age of dinosaurs] (https://www.sciencefriday.com/segments/origins-of-the-asteroid-that-killed-the-dinos-5-mins/?utm_source=wnyc&utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=scifri) . (Though birds survived, of course.) It might be the most famous disaster in our planet’s history, but scientists still have plenty of questions about it. Like, what was the asteroid made of? And where did it come from? A new study in the journal Science offers up [some long-awaited answers] (https://www.sciencefriday.com/segments/origins-of-the-asteroid-that-killed-the-dinos-5-mins/?utm_source=wnyc&utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=scifri) . Guest host Rachel Feltman speaks with study author Dr. Mario Fischer-Gödde, a geochemist at the University of Cologne in Germany. Training Dogs To Stop The Spread Of Spotted Lanternflies -------------------------------------------------------- In 10 years, the spotted lanternfly has gone from non-existent in the U.S. to being established in [at least 16 states] (https://www.sciencefriday.com/segments/training-dogs-invasive-spotted-lanternfly/?utm_source=wnyc&utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=scifri) . They’re quite distinct: The adults measure about an inch long, they’ve got striking red and black markings, and are, as the name suggests, spotted. And they’ve got a worrisome tendency to chow down on certain plants, including grapevines, and some fruit and hardwood trees. Spotted lanternflies are able to spread so effectively in part because they tend to lay eggs on things that travel from state to state: shipping supplies, vehicles, and lumber. There’s a new tactic to detect spotted lanternfly eggs before they can hatch: [ training dogs to sniff them out] (https://www.sciencefriday.com/segments/training-dogs-invasive-spotted-lanternfly/?utm_source=wnyc&utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=scifri) . Guest host Rachel Feltman speaks to two researchers behind this project: Dr. Nathan Hall, director of the Canine Olfaction Research and Education Laboratory at Texas Tech in Lubbock, and Dr. Erica Feuerbacher, associate professor of applied animal welfare and behavior at Virginia Tech in Blacksburg, Virginia. [Read the full story here.] (https://www.sciencefriday.com/articles/invasive-spotted-lanternfly-sniffer-dogs/?utm_source=wnyc&utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=scifri) Transcripts for each segment will be available after the show airs on [sciencefriday.com] (https://www.sciencefriday.com/episodes/august-30-2024/?utm_source=wnyc&utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=scifri) . [Subscribe to this podcast.] (https://pod.link/73329284) Plus, to stay updated on all things science, [sign up for Science Friday's newsletters] (https://www.sciencefriday.com/newsletters/?utm_source=wnyc&utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=scifri) . ... Read more

05 Sep 2024

19 MINS

19:44

05 Sep 2024


#123

Why Eels Are So Mysterious—And In Demand

Eels have fascinated humans for thousands of years, even captivating big thinkers like Aristotle and Freud. Despite having been around for [some 200 million years] (https://www.sciencefriday.com/segments/slippery-beast-book-eels-poaching/?utm_source=wnyc&utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=scifri) , eels are still rather mysterious creatures. For example, scientists still aren’t sure exactly how they spawn. But those unanswered questions haven’t stopped humans from wanting to eat them. So much so that they’re now endangered in some areas—and a [lucrative criminal enterprise] (https://www.sciencefriday.com/segments/slippery-beast-book-eels-poaching/?utm_source=wnyc&utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=scifri) has risen up to poach baby eels from the wild. Guest host Rachel Feltman talks with Ellen Ruppel Shell, author of Slippery Beast: A True Crime History, with Eels about her journey into the wild world of eels. [Read an excerpt of Slippery Beast: A True Crime History, with Eels.] (https://www.sciencefriday.com/articles/slippery-beast-eels-book-excerpt/?utm_source=wnyc&utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=scifri) [Subscribe to this podcast.] (https://pod.link/73329284) Plus, to stay updated on all things science, [sign up for Science Friday's newsletters] (https://www.sciencefriday.com/newsletters/?utm_source=wnyc&utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=scifri) . ... Read more

04 Sep 2024

17 MINS

17:41

04 Sep 2024


#122

Webb Telescope Data Point To Six ‘Rogue Worlds’

Did you know that almost every star you see in the night sky has at least one planet orbiting it? Here’s something even wilder: There are some celestial bodies that look a lot like planets, but just [float around freely] (https://www.sciencefriday.com/segments/jwst-webb-telescope-rogue-worlds/?utm_source=wnyc&utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=scifri) in the cosmos, unattached to any particular star. [They’re called rogue worlds] (https://www.sciencefriday.com/segments/jwst-webb-telescope-rogue-worlds/?utm_source=wnyc&utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=scifri) . With data from the James Webb Space Telescope, astrophysicists just identified six right here in our own Milky Way galaxy. So what can we learn from these rogue worlds? Can they teach us anything about [how stars and planets are formed] (https://www.sciencefriday.com/segments/jwst-webb-telescope-rogue-worlds/?utm_source=wnyc&utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=scifri) ? Guest host Rachel Feltman talks with two authors of the recent study: Assistant Research Scientist Dr. Adam Langeveld, and Professor of Physics and Astronomy Dr. Ray Jayawardhana, both of Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, Maryland. Transcripts for each segment will be available after the show airs on [sciencefriday.com] (https://www.sciencefriday.com/episodes/august-30-2024/?utm_source=wnyc&utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=scifri) .   [Subscribe to this podcast.] (https://pod.link/73329284) Plus, to stay updated on all things science, [sign up for Science Friday's newsletters] (https://www.sciencefriday.com/newsletters/?utm_source=wnyc&utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=scifri) . ... Read more

03 Sep 2024

17 MINS

17:53

03 Sep 2024


#121

Could ‘Season Creep’ Affect Human Behavior?

You might have noticed that the seasons don’t quite behave like they used to. In some places, fall and spring seem to fly by, while winter and summer are much longer and feel more intense. This shift is known as season creep, where [the timing of the seasons starts to shift] (https://www.sciencefriday.com/segments/season-creep-climate-human-behavior-psychology/?utm_source=wnyc&utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=scifri) . This phenomenon is [mostly due to climate change] (https://www.sciencefriday.com/segments/season-creep-climate-human-behavior-psychology/?utm_source=wnyc&utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=scifri) creating temperature imbalances and throwing weather patterns off kilter year-round. And it can cause problems for plants and animals as their natural cycles fall out of sync. But what does it mean for human behavior? Seasonal Affective Disorder, often called seasonal depression, tends to hit during the cold, dark winter months. But as the seasons start changing more quickly and unpredictably, the shift could have [a wide range of effects on us] (https://www.sciencefriday.com/segments/season-creep-climate-human-behavior-psychology/?utm_source=wnyc&utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=scifri) that we’re only just beginning to understand. SciFri guest host Rachel Feltman is joined by Dr. Michael Varnum, social psychology area head and associate professor at Arizona State University, to discuss these questions. Transcripts for each segment will be available after the show airs on [sciencefriday.com] (https://www.sciencefriday.com/episodes/august-30-2024/?utm_source=wnyc&utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=scifri) .    [Subscribe to this podcast.] (https://pod.link/73329284) Plus, to stay updated on all things science, [sign up for Science Friday's newsletters] (https://www.sciencefriday.com/newsletters/?utm_source=wnyc&utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=scifri) . ... Read more

02 Sep 2024

18 MINS

18:06

02 Sep 2024