Explaining History podcast

Explaining History

The Explaining History Podcast, created and hosted by Nick Shepley, offers a comprehensive exploration of 20th-century history through weekly episodes. For over a decade, this podcast has been providing students and history enthusiasts with in-depth analyses of key events, processes, and debates that shaped the modern world. The podcast covers a wide range of topics within 20th-century history, including: - Major historical events like World Wars I and II, The rise and fall of communism, fascism and imperialism - Political movements and ideologies - Economic developments and crises - Social and cultural changes Episodes typically run for about 25 minutes, offering concise yet informative discussions on specific subjects. The podcast invites listeners to engage with complex historical topics in manageable segments, making it ideal for students and busy history enthusiasts. Expert Insights Nick frequently invites expert guests to contribute their knowledge and perspectives, enriching the podcast with diverse viewpoints and specialized expertise. This approach helps listeners understand the competing debates and interpretations surrounding historical events and processes. Educational Focus The podcast is particularly valuable for students, especially those studying A-level history. It offers targeted content aligned with specific curricula, such as the AQA syllabus for Russian history. This educational focus makes it an excellent supplementary resource for formal history studies. Chronological Approach While the podcast primarily focuses on the 20th century, it adopts a chronological approach to storytelling. This method allows listeners to follow the progression of events and understand how different historical moments are interconnected Engaging Presentation Nick's presentation style combines rigorous historical analysis with an engaging narrative approach. The podcast aims to not only inform but also captivate listeners, making complex historical topics accessible and interesting to a broad audience By offering this mix of comprehensive content, expert insights, and engaging presentation, the Explaining History Podcast serves as a valuable resource for anyone looking to deepen their understanding of 20th-century history. Become a member at [https://plus.acast.com/s/explaininghistory] (https://plus.acast.com/s/explaininghistory) . Hosted on Acast. See <a style='color:grey;' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://acast.com/privacy'>acast.com/privacy</a> for more information.

The Explaining History Podcast, created and hosted by Nick Shepley, offers a comprehensive exploration of 20th-century history through weekly episodes. For over a decade, this podcast has been providing students and history enthusiasts with in-depth analyses of key events, processes, and debates that shaped the modern world. The podcast covers a wide range of topics within 20th-century history, including: - Major historical events like World Wars I and II, The rise and fall of communism, fascism and imperialism - Political movements and ideologies - Economic developments and crises - Social and cultural changes Episodes typically run for about 25 minutes, offering concise yet informative discussions on specific subjects. The podcast invites listeners to engage with complex historical topics in manageable segments, making it ideal for students and busy history enthusiasts. Expert Insights Nick frequently invites expert guests to contribute their knowledge and perspectives, enriching the podcast with diverse viewpoints and specialized expertise. This approach helps listeners understand the competing debates and interpretations surrounding historical events and processes. Educational Focus The podcast is particularly valuable for students, especially those studying A-level history. It offers targeted content aligned with specific curricula, such as the AQA syllabus for Russian history. This educational focus makes it an excellent supplementary resource for formal history studies. Chronological Approach While the podcast primarily focuses on the 20th century, it adopts a chronological approach to storytelling. This method allows listeners to follow the progression of events and understand how different historical moments are interconnected Engaging Presentation Nick's presentation style combines rigorous historical analysis with an engaging narrative approach. The podcast aims to not only inform but also captivate listeners, making complex historical topics accessible and interesting to a broad audience By offering this mix of comprehensive content, expert insights, and engaging presentation, the Explaining History Podcast serves as a valuable resource for anyone looking to deepen their understanding of 20th-century history. Become a member at [https://plus.acast.com/s/explaininghistory] (https://plus.acast.com/s/explaininghistory) . Hosted on Acast. See <a style='color:grey;' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://acast.com/privacy'>acast.com/privacy</a> for more information.

 

#718

Gorbachev in New York 1988

In 1988 Mikhail Gorbachev visited the USA on a state visit and experienced celebrity treatment in Times Square in New York as he came to visit the new president elect George H.W. Bush. This episode explores this fateful visit and as the Soviet Union crumbled from within and Gorbachev's formative years and career in the Communist Party its machinery. Help the podcast to continue bringing you history each week ----------------------------------------------------------- If you enjoy the Explaining History podcast and its many years of content and would like to help the show continue, please consider supporting it in the following ways: If you want to go ad-free, you can take out a [membership] (https://plus.acast.com/s/55836c0e-56ef-4a51-a7cc-9055cd2a39c7) here Or You can support the podcast via [Patreon ] (https://www.patreon.com/explaininghistory) here [Or you can just say some nice things about it here] (https://podcasts.apple.com/gb/podcast/explaining-history/id583707171) Become a member at [https://plus.acast.com/s/explaininghistory] (https://plus.acast.com/s/explaininghistory) . Hosted on Acast. See <a style='color:grey;' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://acast.com/privacy'>acast.com/privacy</a> for more information. ... Read more

22 hrs Ago

24 MINS

24:57

22 hrs Ago


#717

The construction of historical memory

Continuing our Approaches to history series, here are some thoughts on the construction of historical memory. Help the podcast to continue bringing you history each week ----------------------------------------------------------- If you enjoy the Explaining History podcast and its many years of content and would like to help the show continue, please consider supporting it in the following ways: If you want to go ad-free, you can take out a [membership] (https://plus.acast.com/s/55836c0e-56ef-4a51-a7cc-9055cd2a39c7) here Or You can support the podcast via [Patreon ] (https://www.patreon.com/explaininghistory) here [Or you can just say some nice things about it here] (https://podcasts.apple.com/gb/podcast/explaining-history/id583707171) Become a member at [https://plus.acast.com/s/explaininghistory] (https://plus.acast.com/s/explaininghistory) . Hosted on Acast. See <a style='color:grey;' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://acast.com/privacy'>acast.com/privacy</a> for more information. ... Read more

04 Jan 2025

27 MINS

27:41

04 Jan 2025


#716

War Reporting from Stalingrad

In late 1942 the battle for Stalingrad consumed Nazi Germany's sixth army and both German and Soviet war correspondents attempted to give a picture of the horror and brutality. Western war reporters were unable to reach the battle until it had finished and were escorted through the ruins. Help the podcast to continue bringing you history each week ----------------------------------------------------------- If you enjoy the Explaining History podcast and its many years of content and would like to help the show continue, please consider supporting it in the following ways: If you want to go ad-free, you can take out a [membership] (https://plus.acast.com/s/55836c0e-56ef-4a51-a7cc-9055cd2a39c7) here Or You can support the podcast via [Patreon ] (https://www.patreon.com/explaininghistory) here [Or you can just say some nice things about it here] (https://podcasts.apple.com/gb/podcast/explaining-history/id583707171) Become a member at [https://plus.acast.com/s/explaininghistory] (https://plus.acast.com/s/explaininghistory) . Hosted on Acast. See <a style='color:grey;' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://acast.com/privacy'>acast.com/privacy</a> for more information. ... Read more

03 Jan 2025

23 MINS

23:24

03 Jan 2025


#715

America and the reconstruction of global capitalism

At the end of the Second World War, European capitalism had been comprehensively devastated by the conflict and America seized an opportunity to rebuild the world economic order in its interests and that of the wider international capitalist class. In today's podcast we explore [The Making of Global Capitalism by Leo Panitch and Sam Gindin] (https://www.versobooks.com/en-gb/products/2267-the-making-of-global-capitalism?srsltid=AfmBOop6-WCRUGzCw87_xu-srwk4wB7Hf_-tAUADFn95v09Jia6IlFpe) . Help the podcast to continue bringing you history each week ----------------------------------------------------------- If you enjoy the Explaining History podcast and its many years of content and would like to help the show continue, please consider supporting it in the following ways: If you want to go ad-free, you can take out a [membership] (https://plus.acast.com/s/55836c0e-56ef-4a51-a7cc-9055cd2a39c7) here Or You can support the podcast via [Patreon ] (https://www.patreon.com/explaininghistory) here [Or you can just say some nice things about it here] (https://podcasts.apple.com/gb/podcast/explaining-history/id583707171) Become a member at [https://plus.acast.com/s/explaininghistory] (https://plus.acast.com/s/explaininghistory) . Hosted on Acast. See <a style='color:grey;' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://acast.com/privacy'>acast.com/privacy</a> for more information. ... Read more

02 Jan 2025

28 MINS

28:27

02 Jan 2025


#714

Trump's oligarchy: A historical perspective

Donald Trump is about to introduce the largest concentration of billionaires in history into his cabinet, but this is simply the continuation of a long established oligarchic trend in the White House. Help the podcast to continue bringing you history each week ----------------------------------------------------------- If you enjoy the Explaining History podcast and its many years of content and would like to help the show continue, please consider supporting it in the following ways: If you want to go ad-free, you can take out a [membership] (https://plus.acast.com/s/55836c0e-56ef-4a51-a7cc-9055cd2a39c7) here Or You can support the podcast via [Patreon ] (https://www.patreon.com/explaininghistory) here [Or you can just say some nice things about it here] (https://podcasts.apple.com/gb/podcast/explaining-history/id583707171) Become a member at [https://plus.acast.com/s/explaininghistory] (https://plus.acast.com/s/explaininghistory) . Hosted on Acast. See <a style='color:grey;' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://acast.com/privacy'>acast.com/privacy</a> for more information. ... Read more

31 Dec 2024

32 MINS

32:00

31 Dec 2024


#713

The Battle of Stalingrad Part Three

The Battle of Stalingrad was the greatest German defeat of the war, consuming the entire German 6th Army and dealing a catastrophic blow to German morale on the home front as the illusion of a possible victory vanished for millions of German civilians. This is the third of a series of Christmas podcasts on the siege and its bloody aftermath: Help the podcast to continue bringing you history each week ----------------------------------------------------------- If you enjoy the Explaining History podcast and its many years of content and would like to help the show continue, please consider supporting it in the following ways: If you want to go ad-free, you can take out a [membership] (https://plus.acast.com/s/55836c0e-56ef-4a51-a7cc-9055cd2a39c7) here Or You can support the podcast via [Patreon ] (https://www.patreon.com/explaininghistory) here [Or you can just say some nice things about it here] (https://podcasts.apple.com/gb/podcast/explaining-history/id583707171) Become a member at [https://plus.acast.com/s/explaininghistory] (https://plus.acast.com/s/explaininghistory) . Hosted on Acast. See <a style='color:grey;' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://acast.com/privacy'>acast.com/privacy</a> for more information. ... Read more

30 Dec 2024

28 MINS

28:46

30 Dec 2024


#712

Approaches to history Part Ten: Gender History

Throughout the 20th Century, alongside the advancement of women in academia there had been a focus on women's history based on biological sex. However, from the 70s onwards gender history that explores the roles of feminine and masculine gender in different historical moments has been a developing field of research. Help the podcast to continue bringing you history each week ----------------------------------------------------------- If you enjoy the Explaining History podcast and its many years of content and would like to help the show continue, please consider supporting it in the following ways: If you want to go ad-free, you can take out a [membership] (https://plus.acast.com/s/55836c0e-56ef-4a51-a7cc-9055cd2a39c7) here Or You can support the podcast via [Patreon ] (https://www.patreon.com/explaininghistory) here [Or you can just say some nice things about it here] (https://podcasts.apple.com/gb/podcast/explaining-history/id583707171) Become a member at [https://plus.acast.com/s/explaininghistory] (https://plus.acast.com/s/explaininghistory) . Hosted on Acast. See <a style='color:grey;' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://acast.com/privacy'>acast.com/privacy</a> for more information. ... Read more

28 Dec 2024

26 MINS

26:20

28 Dec 2024


#711

The Battle of Stalingrad Part Two

The Battle of Stalingrad was the greatest German defeat of the war, consuming the entire German 6th Army as Stalin and his generals struggled to adapt to the onslaught and ordered that no Russian, civilian or military, be allowed to retreat. This is the second of a series of Christmas podcasts on the siege and its bloody aftermath: Help the podcast to continue bringing you history each week ----------------------------------------------------------- If you enjoy the Explaining History podcast and its many years of content and would like to help the show continue, please consider supporting it in the following ways: If you want to go ad-free, you can take out a [membership] (https://plus.acast.com/s/55836c0e-56ef-4a51-a7cc-9055cd2a39c7) here Or You can support the podcast via [Patreon ] (https://www.patreon.com/explaininghistory) here [Or you can just say some nice things about it here] (https://podcasts.apple.com/gb/podcast/explaining-history/id583707171) Become a member at [https://plus.acast.com/s/explaininghistory] (https://plus.acast.com/s/explaininghistory) . Hosted on Acast. See <a style='color:grey;' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://acast.com/privacy'>acast.com/privacy</a> for more information. ... Read more

24 Dec 2024

28 MINS

28:55

24 Dec 2024


#710

The Battle of Stalingrad Part One

The Battle of Stalingrad was the greatest German defeat of the war, consuming the entire German 6th Army as Stalin and his generals struggled to adapt to the onslaught and ordered that no Russian, civilian or military, be allowed to retreat. This is the first of a series of Christmas podcasts on the siege and its bloody aftermath: Help the podcast to continue bringing you history each week ----------------------------------------------------------- If you enjoy the Explaining History podcast and its many years of content and would like to help the show continue, please consider supporting it in the following ways: If you want to go ad-free, you can take out a [membership] (https://plus.acast.com/s/55836c0e-56ef-4a51-a7cc-9055cd2a39c7) here Or You can support the podcast via [Patreon ] (https://www.patreon.com/explaininghistory) here [Or you can just say some nice things about it here] (https://podcasts.apple.com/gb/podcast/explaining-history/id583707171) Become a member at [https://plus.acast.com/s/explaininghistory] (https://plus.acast.com/s/explaininghistory) . Hosted on Acast. See <a style='color:grey;' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://acast.com/privacy'>acast.com/privacy</a> for more information. ... Read more

23 Dec 2024

28 MINS

28:41

23 Dec 2024


#709

Approaches to history Part 9: Marxist Historiography Part Two

Karl Marx is the most influential figure in the production of 20th Century history texts, influencing Marxist and non Marxist historians alike. This is the first part of our exploration of his significance and the debates surrounding his legacy. Help the podcast to continue bringing you history each week ----------------------------------------------------------- If you enjoy the Explaining History podcast and its many years of content and would like to help the show continue, please consider supporting it in the following ways: If you want to go ad-free, you can take out a [membership] (https://plus.acast.com/s/55836c0e-56ef-4a51-a7cc-9055cd2a39c7) here Or You can support the podcast via [Patreon ] (https://www.patreon.com/explaininghistory) here [Or you can just say some nice things about it here] (https://podcasts.apple.com/gb/podcast/explaining-history/id583707171) Become a member at [https://plus.acast.com/s/explaininghistory] (https://plus.acast.com/s/explaininghistory) . Hosted on Acast. See <a style='color:grey;' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://acast.com/privacy'>acast.com/privacy</a> for more information. ... Read more

21 Dec 2024

32 MINS

32:30

21 Dec 2024


#708

Racism, Whiteness and Black Britain

In the immediate post war years, the arrival of Black British citizens from the Caribbean was met with widespread racism across most areas of British life. Black people encountering Britain for the first time discovered not a wealthy land of enterprise but one with a poor white working class whom assumed superiority by dint of their skin colour. Help the podcast to continue bringing you history each week ----------------------------------------------------------- If you enjoy the Explaining History podcast and its many years of content and would like to help the show continue, please consider supporting it in the following ways: If you want to go ad-free, you can take out a [membership] (https://plus.acast.com/s/55836c0e-56ef-4a51-a7cc-9055cd2a39c7) here Or You can support the podcast via [Patreon ] (https://www.patreon.com/explaininghistory) here [Or you can just say some nice things about it here] (https://podcasts.apple.com/gb/podcast/explaining-history/id583707171) Become a member at [https://plus.acast.com/s/explaininghistory] (https://plus.acast.com/s/explaininghistory) . Hosted on Acast. See <a style='color:grey;' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://acast.com/privacy'>acast.com/privacy</a> for more information. ... Read more

19 Dec 2024

28 MINS

28:16

19 Dec 2024


#707

AQA Revolution and Dictatorship: Russia 1917-53 part 12

In this episode of the podcast we continue with our study of the AQA syllabus - Russia 1917-53: Revolution and Dictatorship. We explore the nature of Stalin's first Five Year Plan and its economic and social consequences. Help the podcast to continue bringing you history each week ----------------------------------------------------------- If you enjoy the Explaining History podcast and its many years of content and would like to help the show continue, please consider supporting it in the following ways: If you want to go ad-free, you can take out a [membership] (https://plus.acast.com/s/55836c0e-56ef-4a51-a7cc-9055cd2a39c7) here Or You can support the podcast via [Patreon ] (https://www.patreon.com/explaininghistory) here [Or you can just say some nice things about it here] (https://podcasts.apple.com/gb/podcast/explaining-history/id583707171) Become a member at [https://plus.acast.com/s/explaininghistory] (https://plus.acast.com/s/explaininghistory) . Hosted on Acast. See <a style='color:grey;' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://acast.com/privacy'>acast.com/privacy</a> for more information. ... Read more

18 Dec 2024

24 MINS

24:10

18 Dec 2024


#706

Lenin and Ukraine 1917-19

Lenin had no intention of national independence for Ukraine or any of the other non Russian nations of the former Tsarist empire. This podcast explores how the Bolsheviks responded to the national movement in Ukraine during the Russian Civil War. Help the podcast to continue bringing you history each week ----------------------------------------------------------- If you enjoy the Explaining History podcast and its many years of content and would like to help the show continue, please consider supporting it in the following ways: If you want to go ad-free, you can take out a [membership] (https://plus.acast.com/s/55836c0e-56ef-4a51-a7cc-9055cd2a39c7) here Or You can support the podcast via [Patreon ] (https://www.patreon.com/explaininghistory) here [Or you can just say some nice things about it here] (https://podcasts.apple.com/gb/podcast/explaining-history/id583707171) Become a member at [https://plus.acast.com/s/explaininghistory] (https://plus.acast.com/s/explaininghistory) . Hosted on Acast. See <a style='color:grey;' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://acast.com/privacy'>acast.com/privacy</a> for more information. ... Read more

17 Dec 2024

26 MINS

26:47

17 Dec 2024


#705

Civil Rights and the Fragmenting of the New Deal

Franklin Roosevelt knew that supporting black emancipation in the south would lose critical southern white support for the New Deal and so ignored for the most part the plight of black Americans and the horrors of lynching. During the 1950s and 1960s the coalition of black and white voters that the Democrats drew to them began to fragment as black rights advanced throughout the period. This was a key factor in the fragmentation of the New Deal's support base, which was ruthlessly exploited by Richard Nixon in 1968. Help the podcast to continue bringing you history each week ----------------------------------------------------------- If you enjoy the Explaining History podcast and its many years of content and would like to help the show continue, please consider supporting it in the following ways: If you want to go ad-free, you can take out a [membership] (https://plus.acast.com/s/55836c0e-56ef-4a51-a7cc-9055cd2a39c7) here Or You can support the podcast via [Patreon ] (https://www.patreon.com/explaininghistory) here [Or you can just say some nice things about it here] (https://podcasts.apple.com/gb/podcast/explaining-history/id583707171) Become a member at [https://plus.acast.com/s/explaininghistory] (https://plus.acast.com/s/explaininghistory) . Hosted on Acast. See <a style='color:grey;' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://acast.com/privacy'>acast.com/privacy</a> for more information. ... Read more

16 Dec 2024

24 MINS

24:50

16 Dec 2024


#704

Approaches to history Part 8: Marxist Historiography

Karl Marx is the most influential figure in the production of 20th Century history texts, influencing Marxist and non Marxist historians alike. This is the first part of our exploration of his significance and the debates surrounding his legacy. Help the podcast to continue bringing you history each week ----------------------------------------------------------- If you enjoy the Explaining History podcast and its many years of content and would like to help the show continue, please consider supporting it in the following ways: If you want to go ad-free, you can take out a [membership] (https://plus.acast.com/s/55836c0e-56ef-4a51-a7cc-9055cd2a39c7) here Or You can support the podcast via [Patreon ] (https://www.patreon.com/explaininghistory) here [Or you can just say some nice things about it here] (https://podcasts.apple.com/gb/podcast/explaining-history/id583707171) Become a member at [https://plus.acast.com/s/explaininghistory] (https://plus.acast.com/s/explaininghistory) . Hosted on Acast. See <a style='color:grey;' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://acast.com/privacy'>acast.com/privacy</a> for more information. ... Read more

14 Dec 2024

25 MINS

25:14

14 Dec 2024


#703

Making sense of Syria

The sudden collapse of the Assad regime and the actions and intentions of the regional and global powers involved present us with strange contradictions, but we must also be aware of the terrible human cost of the conflict as tens of thousands of Syrians and other nationals remain in squalid concentration camps across the country, the final victims of ISIS. Help the podcast to continue bringing you history each week ----------------------------------------------------------- If you enjoy the Explaining History podcast and its many years of content and would like to help the show continue, please consider supporting it in the following ways: If you want to go ad-free, you can take out a [membership] (https://plus.acast.com/s/55836c0e-56ef-4a51-a7cc-9055cd2a39c7) here Or You can support the podcast via [Patreon ] (https://www.patreon.com/explaininghistory) here [Or you can just say some nice things about it here] (https://podcasts.apple.com/gb/podcast/explaining-history/id583707171) Become a member at [https://plus.acast.com/s/explaininghistory] (https://plus.acast.com/s/explaininghistory) . Hosted on Acast. See <a style='color:grey;' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://acast.com/privacy'>acast.com/privacy</a> for more information. ... Read more

13 Dec 2024

25 MINS

25:17

13 Dec 2024


#702

Britain, Abyssinia and appeasement: 1935

In 1935, Italy invaded Abyssinia, creating one of final crises of the League of Nations. The deal made between British Foreign Secretary Samuel Hoare and his counterpart Pierre Laval to allow League of Nations sanctions against Italy to be broken led to widespread outrage. What did ordinary British people think about tihs and how did it shape the actions of the political class? Help the podcast to continue bringing you history each week ----------------------------------------------------------- If you enjoy the Explaining History podcast and its many years of content and would like to help the show continue, please consider supporting it in the following ways: If you want to go ad-free, you can take out a [membership] (https://plus.acast.com/s/55836c0e-56ef-4a51-a7cc-9055cd2a39c7) here Or You can support the podcast via [Patreon ] (https://www.patreon.com/explaininghistory) here [Or you can just say some nice things about it here] (https://podcasts.apple.com/gb/podcast/explaining-history/id583707171) Become a member at [https://plus.acast.com/s/explaininghistory] (https://plus.acast.com/s/explaininghistory) . Hosted on Acast. See <a style='color:grey;' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://acast.com/privacy'>acast.com/privacy</a> for more information. ... Read more

13 Dec 2024

31 MINS

31:35

13 Dec 2024


#701

AQA Revolution and Dictatorship: Russia 1917-53 part 11

This is part ten of the Explaining History study course based on the AQA A level history module Revolution and Dictatorship: Russia 1917-53. In this episode we examine Stalin's motivation for the Great Turning, and the economic, political and strategic reasons for the Five Year Plans. Help the podcast to continue bringing you history each week ----------------------------------------------------------- If you enjoy the Explaining History podcast and its many years of content and would like to help the show continue, please consider supporting it in the following ways: If you want to go ad-free, you can take out a [membership] (https://plus.acast.com/s/55836c0e-56ef-4a51-a7cc-9055cd2a39c7) here Or You can support the podcast via [Patreon ] (https://www.patreon.com/explaininghistory) here [Or you can just say some nice things about it here] (https://podcasts.apple.com/gb/podcast/explaining-history/id583707171) Become a member at [https://plus.acast.com/s/explaininghistory] (https://plus.acast.com/s/explaininghistory) . Hosted on Acast. See <a style='color:grey;' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://acast.com/privacy'>acast.com/privacy</a> for more information. ... Read more

12 Dec 2024

22 MINS

22:59

12 Dec 2024