This podcast is a complete history of violence in the small African nation of Liberia. This is part two of an ongoing series. You can find part one here: <a href="https://thebattlecast.com/2024/01/21/black-apartheid-a-military-history-of-liberia/">A Military History of Liberia part one</a>.



<figure class="wp-block-audio"><audio controls src="https://media.blubrry.com/429895/archive.org/download/bc-86/BC86.mp3"></audio></figure>



Download episode 86 here: <a href="https://media.blubrry.com/429895/archive.org/download/bc-86/BC86.mp3">download link</a>



Maps and Images:



Extensive maps and images are posted to the historical atlas of Liberia located <a href="https://thebattlecast.com/2024/01/21/a-historical-atlas-of-liberia/">here</a>



Music Source:



Karl Casey @ White Bat Audio /// website: <a href="http://karlcasey.bandcamp.com">karlcasey.bandcamp.com</a>



References:



Another America: The Story of Liberia and the Former Slaves Who Ruled It by James Ciment. (2014).&nbsp;



Degges, D.J. (2020). Black Skin, White Money. The Transatlantic Propaganda Campaign to Recolonize West Africa 1786-1863. [Unpublished doctoral dissertation/master’s thesis]. University of Texas at Arlington.&nbsp;



Beyon, A.J. (1985). The American Colonization Society and the Formation of Political, Economic and Religious Institutions in Liberia, 1822-1900. [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. University of West Virginia.&nbsp;



Burin, E.A. (1999). The Peculiar Solution: The American Colonization Society and Antislavery Sentiment in the South, 1820-1860. [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.



Allen, W.E. (2002). Sugar and Coffee: A History of Settler Agriculture in Nineteenth-Century Liberia.&nbsp; [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. Florida International University.&nbsp;



The Liberian Civil War by Mark Huband. (1998).&nbsp;



The Mask of Anarchy by Stephen Ellis. (1999).



An African Republic by Marie Tyler-Mcgraw. (2007). University of North Carolina Press.&nbsp;



Shick, T.W. (1977). The Social and Economic History of Afro-American Settlers in Liberia. 1820-1900. [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. The University of Wisconsin-Madison.&nbsp;



Child Soldiers in Africa by Alcinda Honwana.



Akpan, M.B. (1973). Black Imperialism: Americo-Liberian Rule Over the African Peoples of Liberia, 1841-1964. Canadian Journal of African Studies / Revue Canadienne des Études Africaines, 7(2), 217-236.



Käihkö, I. (2016). Bush Generals and Small Boy Battalions: Military Cohesion in Liberia and Beyond. [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. Uppsala University.



Charles Taylor and Liberia: Ambition and Atrocity in Africa’s Lone Star State by Colin Waugh. (2011).



Sellers, H.A. (2018). Rebel Governance in Civil War: Variations in Rebel Governance – A Case Study Analysis. [Unpublished master’s thesis]. Louisiana State University.&nbsp;



Scruggs, A. (2010). “The Love of Liberty Has Brought Us Here”: The American Colonization Society and the Imaging of African-American Settlers in Liberia. [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. Harvard University.&nbsp;



Dennis, D.A. (2011). The Mississippi Colonial Experience in Liberia, 1829-1860. [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. Claremont Graduate University.&nbsp;



Gallen, M.P. (2018). The Spirit of Enterprise: Christianity and Capitalism in the Colony and Republic of Liberia, 1816-1928. [Unpublished doctoral dissertation].Carnegie Mellon University.&nbsp;



Varnie, J.N. (2004). Wealth Extraction, Not Economic Development: A Case Study on Liberia. [Unpublished master’s thesis]. University of Massachusetts Lowell.&nbsp;



Wilson, H.B. (2007). Firestone and Liberia: A Case Study in One-Sidedness. [Unpublished master’s thesis]. University of Massachusetts Lowell.&nbsp;



Somah, S.L. (1995). Historical Settlement of Liberia and its Environmental Impact.&nbsp;



Ngovo, S.B. (2011). The Bandi of Northwestern Liberia: A Study of Change and Continuity in Bandi Society to 1964. &nbsp;[Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. Western Michigan University.&nbsp;



Clausewitz and African War by Isabelle Duyvesteyn. (2005).&nbsp;



Reese, D.G. (2018). Liberia: America’s African Stepchild.&nbsp;



Collins, T.Z. (2019). A Case Study of the Impact of Civil War on the Economic Development of Liberia. [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. Southern University.&nbsp;



Lidow, N.H. (2011). Violent Order: Revel Organization and Liberia’s Civil War. [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. Stanford University.&nbsp;



Murray, R.P. (2013). Whiteness in Africa: Americo-Liberians and the Transformative Geographics of Race. [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. University of Kentucky.&nbsp;



Garcia, B. (2020). “We feel sadly the effects:” America’s Civil War, Colonization, and Liberia’s Struggle to Build up a Nation. [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. George Mason University.&nbsp;



Benda, E.M.V. (2004). The Internationalization of Civil War: Liberia as a Case Study.. [Unpublished master’s thesis]. American University.



Greenwood, R. (1993). The Presidency of William V.S. Tubman, President of Liberia 1944-1971. &nbsp;[Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. Northern Arizona University.



Lyon, H.G. (1997). Liberia: The Quest for Democracy and the Politics of Ethnicity. [Unpublished master’s thesis]. Southern Connecticut State University.&nbsp;



Jones, S.S. (2016). The Sweet, Sweet Sound of Liberty: Black Settlers and Their Early Education Initiative in Liberia, 1820-1860. [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.



Price, R.W. (1980). The Black Republic of Liberia, 1822-1912: A Ninety Year Struggle for International Acceptance. [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.



Norris, E.P. (1961). United States and Liberia: The Slavery Crisis, 1929-1935. [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. Indiana University.&nbsp;



Akingbade, H.O. (1977). The Role of the Military in the History of Liberia: 1822-1947.[Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. Howard University.&nbsp;



Walton-Hanley, J.A. (2009). Reversing the Middle Passage: The American Colonization Society and Race Relations, 1816 – 1964. [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. University of Kentucky.&nbsp;



Dillon, E.C. (2007). The Role of Education in the Rise and Fall of Americo-Liberians in Liberia, West Africa (1980). [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. Georgia State University.&nbsp;



Sullivan, J.M. (1978). Settlers in Sinoe County, Liberia, and Their Relations with the Kru, c (sic), 1835-1920. [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. Boston University.&nbsp;



Staudenraus, P.J. (1961). The History of the American Colonization Society. [Unpublished doctoral dissertation] University of Wisconsin.&nbsp;



Arnold, G. (1995). Wars in the Third World.

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