Science fiction became science fact in 2022 when NASA’s DART mission took the <a href="https://physicsworld.com/a/dart-mission-successfully-hits-asteroid-in-first-of-its-kind-test/">first steps</a> towards creating a planetary defence system that could someday protect Earth from a catastrophic asteroid collision. However, much more work on asteroid deflection is needed from the latest generation of researchers – including <a href="https://rahil-makadia.github.io/">Rahil Makadia</a>, who has just completed a PhD in aerospace engineering at University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.

In this episode of the Physics World Weekly podcast, Makadia talks about his work on how we could deflect asteroids away from Earth. We also chat about the potential threats posed by near-Earth asteroids – from shattered windows to global destruction.
Makadia’s stresses the importance of getting a deflection right the first time, because his calculations reveal that a poorly deflected asteroid could return to Earth someday. In November, he published a <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2025.116915">paper</a> that explored how a bad deflection could send an asteroid into a “keyhole” that guarantees its return.
But it is not all gloom and doom, Makadia points out that our current understanding of near-Earth asteroids suggests that no major collision will occur for at least 100 years. So even if there is a threat on the horizon, we have lots of time to develop deflection strategies and technologies.

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Asteroid deflection: why we need to get it right the first time

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