The Susquehannocks, having successfully escaped from their beseiged fort on Piscataway Creek in Maryland, fled through the Virginia Piedmont to set up winter quarters on the James and Roanoke Rivers. In January 1676, they launched a measured counterattack. The settlers on the frontier panicked and evacuated. Rumors of war spread. The horrors of King Philip&#8217;s War loomed large, especially in the thinking of Sir William Berkeley, the governor. A fundamental debate over how to respond to those Susquehannock attacks set up the confrontation between Nathaniel Bacon and his populist &#8211; and it should be said, hard-drinking &#8211; frontiersmen on the one hand, and Berkeley and his loyalist supporters on the other. Along the way we consider Governor Berkeley&#8217;s background and the experiences that shaped him, and the political challenges that he now confronted. The episode ends with Bacon&#8217;s massacre of the Occaneechees (Occaneechis), heretofore allies of Virginia, on their island in the Roanoke River.
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Selected references for this episode (Commission earned for Amazon purchases through the episode notes on our website)
Matthew Kruer,&nbsp;<a href="https://amzn.to/3VrfHlR">Time of Anarchy: Indigenous Power and the Crisis of Colonialism in Early America</a>
Edmund S. Morgan,&nbsp;<a href="https://amzn.to/4pkhOpF">American Slavery, American Freedom</a>
James D. Rice,&nbsp;<a href="https://amzn.to/4n5KqkO">Tales from a Revolution: Bacon’s Rebellion and the Transformation of Early America</a>
Wilcomb E. Washburn,&nbsp;<a href="https://amzn.to/4mlMdkx">The Governor and the Rebel: A History of Bacon’s Rebellion in Virginia</a>
Various authors, for the National Park Service, <a href="https://www.dragonrun.org/uploads/1/4/0/9/140904387/mapping_the_dragon_final_report_2025.pdf">&#8220;Mapping the Dragon:AN INDIGENOUS HISTORY OF BACON’S REBELLION&#8221;</a> (pdf)

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