The pellagra epidemic of the early 20th century may have been the deadliest epidemic of a specific nutrient deficiency in U.S. history.&nbsp;Part one covers what it is, its appearance in 19th-century Italy, and the first reports of it in the U.S.&nbsp; Research: <ul> <li>Akst, Daniel. &ldquo;Pellagra: The Forgotten Plague.&rdquo; American Heritage. December 2000. https://www.americanheritage.com/pellagra-forgotten-plague</li> <li>Baird Rattini, Kristin. &ldquo;A Deadly Diet.&rdquo; Discover. Mar2018, Vol. 39 Issue 2, p70-72.</li> <li>Bridges, Kenneth. &ldquo;Pellagra.&rdquo; Encyclopedia of Arkansas. https://encyclopediaofarkansas.net/entries/pellagra-2230/</li> <li>Clay, Karen et al. &ldquo;The Rise and Fall of Pellagra in the American South.&rdquo; National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper 23730. 2018. http://www.nber.org/papers/w23730</li> <li>Cleveland Clinic. &ldquo;Pellagra.&rdquo; 07/18/2022. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/23905-pellagra</li> <li>Crabb, Mary Katherine. &ldquo;An Epidemic of Pride: Pellagra and the Culture of the American South.&rdquo; Anthropologica , 1992, Vol. 34, No. 1 (1992), pp. 89-103. Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/25605634</li> <li>Flannery, Michael A. &ldquo;&rsquo;Frauds,&rsquo; &lsquo;Filth Parties,&rsquo; &lsquo;Yeast Fads,&rsquo; and &lsquo;Black Boxes&rsquo;: Pellagra and Southern Pride, 1906-2003.&rdquo; The Southern Quarterly. Vol. 53, no.3/4 (Spring/Summer 2016).</li> <li>Gentilcore, David and Egidio Priani. &ldquo;Pellagra and Pellagrous Insanity During the Long Nineteenth Century.&rdquo; Mental Health in Historical Perspective. Palgrave Macmillan. 2023.</li> <li>Ginnaio, Monica. &ldquo;Pellagra in Late Nineteenth Century Italy: Effects of a Deficiency Disease.&rdquo; Population-E, 66 (3-4), 2011, 583-610.</li> <li>Hung, Putzer J. &ldquo;Pellagra: A medical whodunit.&rdquo; Hektoen International: A Journal of Medical Humanities. https://hekint.org/2018/09/18/pellagra-a-medical-whodunit/</li> <li>Jaworek, Andrzej K. et al. &ldquo;The history of pellagra.&rdquo; Dermatol Rev/Przegl Dermatol 2021, 108, 554&ndash;566 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5114/dr.2021.114610</li> <li>Kean, Sam. &ldquo;Joseph Goldberger&rsquo;s Filth Parties.&rdquo; Science History Institute Museum and Library. https://www.sciencehistory.org/stories/magazine/joseph-goldbergers-filth-parties/</li> <li>Kiple, Kenneth F. and Virginia H. &ldquo;Black Tongue and Black Men: Pellagra and Slavery in the Antebellum South.&rdquo; The Journal of Southern History , Aug., 1977, Vol. 43, No. 3. https://www.jstor.org/stable/2207649</li> <li>Kraut, Alan. &ldquo;Dr. Joseph Goldberger & the War on Pellagra.&rdquo; National Institutes of Health Office of NIH History and Stetten Museum. https://history.nih.gov/pages/viewpage.action?pageId=8883184</li> <li>Marks, Harry M. &ldquo;Epidemiologists Explain Pellagra: Gender, Race and Political Economy in the Work of Edgar Sydenstricker.&rdquo; Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences , JANUARY 2003. https://www.jstor.org/stable/24623836</li> <li>Morabia, Alfredo. &ldquo;Joseph Goldberger&rsquo;s research on the prevention of pellagra.&rdquo; J R Soc Med 2008: 101: 566&ndash;568. DOI 10.1258/jrsm.2008.08k010.</li> <li>Park, Youngmee K. et al. &ldquo;Effectiveness of Food Fortification in the United States: The Case of Pellagra.&rdquo; American Journal of Public Health. May 2U(H). Vol. 90. No. 5.</li> <li>Peres, Tanya M. &ldquo;Malnourished.&rdquo; Gravy. Southern Foodways Alliance. Fall 2016. https://www.southernfoodways.org/malnourished-cultural-ignorance-paved-the-way-for-pellagra/</li> <li>Pinheiro, Hugo et al. &ldquo;Hidden Hunger: A Pellagra Case Report.&rdquo; Cureus vol. 13,4 e14682. 25 Apr. 2021, doi:10.7759/cureus.14682</li> <li>A. C. Wollenberg. &ldquo;Pellagra in Italy.&rdquo; Public Health Reports (1896-1970), vol. 24, no. 30, 1909, pp. 1051&ndash;54. JSTOR, https://doi.org/10.2307/4563397. Accessed 13 Feb. 2025.</li> <li>Rajakumar, Kumaravel. &ldquo;Pellagra in the United States: A Historical Perspective.&rdquo; SOUTHERN MEDICAL JOURNAL &bull; Vol. 93, No. 3. March 2020.</li> <li>Savvidou, Savvoula. &ldquo;Pellagra: a non-eradicated old disease.&rdquo; Clinics and practice vol. 4,1 637. 28 Apr. 2014, doi:10.4081/cp.2014.637</li> <li>SEARCY GH. AN EPIDEMIC OF ACUTE PELLAGRA. JAMA. 1907;XLIX(1):37&ndash;38. doi:10.1001/jama.1907.25320010037002j</li> <li>Skelton, John. &ldquo;Poverty or Privies? The Pellagra Controversy in America.&rdquo; Fairmount Folio: Journal of History. Vol. 15 (2014). https://journals.wichita.edu/index.php/ff/article/view/151</li> <li>Tharian, Bindu. "Pellagra." New Georgia Encyclopedia, 20 September 2004, https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/science-medicine/pellagra/.</li> <li>University Libraries, University of South Carolina. &ldquo;A Gospel of Health: Hilla Sheriff's Crusade Against Malnutrition in South Carolina.&rdquo; https://digital.library.sc.edu/exhibits/hillasheriff/history-of-pellagra/</li> <li>University of Alabama at Birmingham. &ldquo;Pellagra in Alabama.&rdquo; https://library.uab.edu/locations/reynolds/collections/regional-history/pellagra</li> <li>Wheeler, G.A. &ldquo;A Note on the History of Pellagra in the United States.&rdquo; Public Health Reports (1896-1970) , Sep. 18, 1931, Vol. 46, No. 38. Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/4580180</li> </ul>See <a href="https://omnystudio.com/listener">omnystudio.com/listener</a> for privacy information.

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