Google just set a deadline. Quantum computers could break Bitcoin's encryption by 2029. Are blockchains ready?
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Google and Oratomic published quantum computing research on the same day, and together they redraw the timeline for when blockchains need to be post-quantum secure.
Google's paper, co-authored by Ethereum Foundation researcher Justin Drake and Stanford cryptographer Dan Boneh, estimates 2029 for breaking the elliptic curve cryptography that protects Bitcoin and Ethereum.

Oratomic's findings are sharper: utility-scale quantum computers may need only 10,000 qubits, not the millions previously assumed, and the company already has 6,000 in the lab.
With 6.7 million BTC in vulnerable addresses and a newly identified 9-minute attack window on unspent Bitcoin transactions, the question is no longer whether blockchains need to migrate. It's whether they can do it fast enough.
Guests:
<ul>
 <li>
<a href="https://x.com/nlevine19">⁠</a><a href="http://x.com/apruden08">Alex Pruden</a>, Co-Founder & CEO, Project Eleven
</li>
 <li>
<a href="https://x.com/robbiepetersen_">⁠Dolev Bluvstein</a>, CEO of Oratomic
</li>
</ul>
Links:
<ul>
 <li>
Unchained:
</li>
<ul>
 <li>
<a href="https://unchainedcrypto.com/q-day-is-imminent-can-bitcoin-survive-the-quantum-threat/">Q-Day Is Imminent. Can Bitcoin Survive the Quantum Threat?</a>
</li>
 <li>
<a href="https://unchainedcrypto.com/solana-deploys-post-quantum-signatures-on-testnet/">Solana Deploys Post-Quantum Signatures on Testnet</a>
</li>
 <li>
<a href="https://unchainedcrypto.com/is-nic-carter-exaggerating-bitcoins-quantum-risk-yes-says-one-core-dev/">Is Nic Carter Exaggerating Bitcoin's Quantum Risk? Yes, Says One Core Dev</a>
</li>
</ul>
 <li>
Research Papers:
</li>
<ul>
 <li>
<a href="https://quantumai.google/static/site-assets/downloads/cryptocurrency-whitepaper.pdf">Google: Securing Elliptic Curve Cryptocurrencies Against Quantum Vulnerabilities</a>
</li>
 <li>
<a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.28627">Oratomic: Shor's Algorithm with as Few as 10,000 Reconfigurable Atomic Qubits (arXiv)</a>
</li>
 <li>
<a href="https://www.caltech.edu/about/news/caltech-team-finds-useful-quantum-computers-could-be-built-with-as-few-as-10000-qubits">Caltech: Useful Quantum Computers Could Be Built with as Few as 10,000 Qubits</a>
</li>
</ul>
 <li>
Companies & Tools:
</li>
<ul>
 <li>
<a href="https://www.projecteleven.com/">Project Eleven</a>
</li>
 <li>
<a href="https://blog.projecteleven.com/posts/hello-yellowpages">Project Eleven: Yellow Pages</a>
</li>
 <li>
<a href="https://www.oratomic.com/news/launch-announcement">Oratomic</a>
</li>
 <li>
<a href="https://bip360.org/">BIP 360: Pay-to-Merkle-Root (P2MR)</a>
</li>
</ul>
 <li>
Standards & Infrastructure:
</li>
<ul>
 <li>
<a href="https://www.nist.gov/pqc">NIST Post-Quantum Cryptography Standards</a>
</li>
 <li>
<a href="https://blog.cloudflare.com/pq-2025/">Cloudflare: State of the Post-Quantum Internet</a>
</li>
 <li>
<a href="https://research.google/blog/making-quantum-error-correction-work/">Google Quantum AI: Willow & Error Correction</a>
</li>
 <li>
<a href="https://algorand.co/blog/technical-brief-quantum-resistant-transactions-on-algorand-with-falcon-signatures">Algorand: Quantum-Resistant Falcon Signatures</a>
</li>
</ul>
</ul> Learn more about your ad choices. Visit <a href="https://megaphone.fm/adchoices">megaphone.fm/adchoices</a>

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