For years, whale oil was used as lighting fuel, industrial lubricant, and the main ingredient in (yum!) margarine. Whale meat was also on a few menus. But today, demand for whale products is at a historic low. And yet some countries still have a whaling industry. We find out why. (Part 2 of “<a href="https://freakonomics.com/podcast-tag/everything-you-never-knew-about-whaling/">Everything You Never Knew About Whaling</a>.”) <ul><li>SOURCES:<ul><li><a href="https://featured.japan-forward.com/whalingtoday/author/jay-alabaster/">Jay Alabaster</a>, doctoral student at Arizona State University’s Walter Cronkite School of Journalism.</li><li><a href="https://www.nhh.no/en/employees/faculty/bjorn-lorens-basberg/">Bjorn Basberg</a>, professor emeritus of economic history at the Norwegian School of Economics.</li><li><a href="https://www.wellesley.edu/economics/faculty/hilte">Eric Hilt</a>, professor of economics at Wellesley College.</li><li><a href="https://awionline.org/content/our-team">Kate O’Connell</a>, senior policy consultant for the marine life program at the Animal Welfare Institute.</li><li><a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/paul-watson">Paul Watson</a>, environmental activist and founder of the Sea Shepherd Conservation Society.</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>RESOURCES:<ul><li>“<a href="https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2022/06/history-of-soviet-whaling-greenpeace-twentieth-century.html">The Soviet Union Killed an Appalling Number of Whales. I Wanted to Know Why</a>,” by Ryan Tucker Jones (Slate, 2022).</li><li>“<a href="https://www.worldanimalprotection.org/sites/default/files/media/int_files/behind_the_smile_-_dolphins_in_entertainment_report_final_011019.pdf">Behind the Smile: The Multi-Billion Dollar Dolphin Entertainment Industry</a>,” by World Animal Protection (2019).</li><li>“<a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2018/12/26/world/asia/japan-whaling-withdrawal.html">Japan to Resume Commercial Whaling, Defying International Ban</a>,” by Daniel Victor (The New York Times, 2018).</li><li>“<a href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2018/12/30/not-outrage-japans-barbaric-practice-whaling/">Why Is There Not More Outrage About Japan’s Barbaric Practice of Whaling?</a>” by Boris Johnson (The Telegraph, 2018).</li><li>“<a href="https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/what-is-margarine-made-of">Margarine Once Contained a Whole Lot More Whale</a>,” by Sarah Laskow (Gastro Obscura, 2017).</li><li>“<a href="https://www.nbcnews.com/science/environment/3-million-whales-were-killed-20th-century-report-n322961">3 Million Whales Were Killed in the 20th Century: Report</a>,” (N.B.C. News, 2015).</li><li>“<a href="https://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2012/02/the-spectacular-rise-and-fall-of-us-whaling-an-innovation-story/253355/">The Spectacular Rise and Fall of U.S. Whaling: An Innovation Story</a>,” by Derek Thompson (The Atlantic, 2012).</li><li><a href="https://www.nber.org/books-and-chapters/pursuit-leviathan-technology-institutions-productivity-and-profits-american-whaling-1816-1906">In Pursuit of Leviathan: Technology, Institutions, Productivity, and Profits in American Whaling, 1816-1906</a>, by Lance E. Davis, Robert E. Gallman, and Karin Gleiter (1997).</li><li>“<a href="https://www.nytimes.com/1992/06/30/world/norway-is-planning-to-resume-whaling-despite-world-ban.html">Norway Is Planning to Resume Whaling Despite World Ban</a>,” by Craig R. Whitney (The New York Times, 1992).</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>EXTRAS:<ul><li>“<a href="https://freakonomics.com/podcast/the-first-great-american-industry/">The First Great American Industry</a>,” by Freakonomics Radio (2023).</li></ul></li></ul>

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