Freedom House Ambulance Service was the first <a title="Emergency medical services" href= "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emergency_medical_services">emergency medical service</a> in the United States to be staffed by <a title="Paramedic" href= "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paramedic">paramedics</a> with medical training beyond basic first aid.<a href= "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom_House_Ambulance_Service#cite_note-JEMS-1">[1]</a><a href= "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom_House_Ambulance_Service#cite_note-99PI-2">[2]</a> Founded in 1967 to serve the predominantly Black <a class= "mw-redirect" title="Hill District (Pittsburgh)" href= "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hill_District_(Pittsburgh)">Hill District</a> of <a class="mw-redirect" title= "Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania" href= "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pittsburgh,_Pennsylvania">Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania</a>, it was staffed entirely by African Americans.<a href= "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom_House_Ambulance_Service#cite_note-Empowerment-3">[3]</a><a href= "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom_House_Ambulance_Service#cite_note-Code-4">[4]</a> Freedom House Ambulance Service broke medical ground by training its personnel to previously unheard-of standards of emergency medical care for patients en route to hospitals.<a href= "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom_House_Ambulance_Service#cite_note-Empowerment-3">[3]</a><a href= "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom_House_Ambulance_Service#cite_note-Atavist-5">[5]</a><a href= "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom_House_Ambulance_Service#cite_note-Forgotten-6">[6]</a> The paramedic training and ambulance design standards pioneered in the Freedom House Ambulance Service would set the standard for emergency care nationally and even internationally.<a href= "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom_House_Ambulance_Service#cite_note-99PI-2">[2]</a><a href= "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom_House_Ambulance_Service#cite_note-Atavist-5">[5]</a> Despite its successes, the ambulance service was closed eight years after it began operating.<a href= "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom_House_Ambulance_Service#cite_note-Atavist-5">[5]</a> Elizabeth Coleman (January 26, 1892 – April 30, 1926)<a href= "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bessie_Coleman#cite_note-:3-2">[2]</a> was an early American <a title="Civil aviation" href= "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_aviation">civil aviator</a>. She was the <a class="mw-redirect" title= "First African-American" href= "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_African-American">first African-American</a> woman and first <a title= "Native Americans in the United States" href= "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States">Native American</a> to hold a <a title= "Pilot certification in the United States" href= "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilot_certification_in_the_United_States">pilot</a> license,<a href= "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bessie_Coleman#cite_note-ABC-3">[3]</a><a href= "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bessie_Coleman#cite_note-PBS-4">[4]</a><a href= "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bessie_Coleman#cite_note-Women_in_Aviation_International-5">[5]</a><a href= "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bessie_Coleman#cite_note-essence-6">[6]</a><a href= "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bessie_Coleman#cite_note-af-7">[7]</a><a href= "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bessie_Coleman#cite_note-pueblo-8">[8]</a><a href= "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bessie_Coleman#cite_note-whm-9">[9]</a> and is the earliest known Black person to earn an <a title= "Pilot licensing and certification" href= "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilot_licensing_and_certification#History">international pilot's license</a>.<a href= "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bessie_Coleman#cite_note-:0-10">[10]</a> She earned her license from the <a title= "Fédération Aéronautique Internationale" href= "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_A%C3%A9ronautique_Internationale">Fédération Aéronautique Internationale</a> on June 15, 1921.<a href= "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bessie_Coleman#cite_note-Women_in_Aviation_International-5">[5]</a><a href= "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bessie_Coleman#cite_note-essence-6">[6]</a><a href= "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bessie_Coleman#cite_note-phof-11">[11]</a>

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