TWiM explains a study that examines pathogen presence in ancient humans and concludes that zoonoses emerged 6500 years ago with the domestication of livestock, and determination of universal rules that govern plasmid copy number. Hosts: <a style="text-decoration: none;" href= "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_Racaniello"> Vincent Racaniello</a>, <a style="text-decoration: none;" href= "https://education.musc.edu/MUSCApps/facultydirectory/Schmidt-Michael"> Michael Schmidt</a>, <a style="text-decoration: none;" href= "https://experts.umich.edu/2682-michele-swanson"> Michele Swanson</a>, and <a style="text-decoration: none;" href= "https://biology.wustl.edu/people/petra-levin"> Petra Levin</a> Guests: <a style="text-decoration: none;" href= "https://www.pugetsound.edu/directory/mark-martin"> Mark O. Martin</a> Become a <a style="text-decoration: none;" href= "http://www.microbe.tv/contribute"> patron</a> of TWiM. Links for this episode: <ul style= "margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding-inline-start: 48px;"> <li dir="ltr" style= "list-style-type: disc; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;" aria-level="1"> <a style="text-decoration: none;" href= "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-09192-8"> Human pathogens</a> in ancient Eurasia (Nature) </li> <li dir="ltr" style= "list-style-type: disc; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;" aria-level="1"> What once <a style="text-decoration: none;" href= "https://www.nytimes.com/2025/07/09/science/archaeology-diseases-pathogens.html"> ailed us</a> (NY Times) </li> <li dir="ltr" style= "list-style-type: disc; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;" aria-level="1"> Rules of <a style="text-decoration: none;" href= "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-61202-5"> plasmid copy number</a> (Nature Comm) </li> <li dir="ltr" style= "list-style-type: disc; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;" aria-level="1"> <a style="text-decoration: none;" href= "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-025-61205-2"> Scaling laws</a> of plasmids (Nature Comm) </li> </ul> Music used on TWiM is composed and performed by <a style= "text-decoration: none;" href= "http://ronaldjenkees.com/"> Ronald Jenkees</a> and used with permission. Send your microbiology questions and comments to twim@microbe.tv

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337: Lifestyles of the Plasmids

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