We are joined by Cristopher Moore, a professor at the Santa Fe Institute with a diverse background in physics, computer science, and machine learning.The conversation begins with Cristopher, who calls himself a "frog" explaining that he prefers to dive deep into specific, concrete problems rather than taking a high-level "bird&#39;s-eye view". They explore why current AI models, like transformers, are so surprisingly effective. Cristopher argues it&#39;s because the real world isn&#39;t random; it&#39;s full of rich structures, patterns, and hierarchies that these models can learn to exploit, even if we don&#39;t fully understand how.**SPONSORS**Take the Prolific human data survey - https://www.prolific.com/humandatasurvey?utm_source=mlst and be the first to see the results and benchmark their practices against the wider community!---Cyber•Fund https://cyber.fund/?utm_source=mlst is a founder-led investment firm accelerating the cybernetic economy.Oct SF conference - https://dagihouse.com/?utm_source=mlst - Joscha Bach keynoting(!) + OAI, Anthropic, NVDA,++Hiring a SF VC Principal: https://talent.cyber.fund/companies/cyber-fund-2/jobs/57674170-ai-investment-principal#content?utm_source=mlstSubmit investment deck: https://cyber.fund/contact?utm_source=mlst***Cristopher Moore:https://sites.santafe.edu/~moore/TOC:00:00:00 - Introduction00:02:05 - Meet Christopher Moore: A Frog in the World of Science00:05:14 - The Limits of Transformers and Real-World Data00:11:19 - Intelligence as Creative Problem-Solving00:23:30 - Grounding, Meaning, and Shared Reality00:31:09 - The Nature of Creativity and Aesthetics00:44:31 - Computational Irreducibility and Universality00:53:06 - Turing Completeness, Recursion, and Intelligence01:11:26 - The Universe Through a Computational Lens01:26:45 - Algorithmic Justice and the Need for TransparencyTRANSCRIPT: https://app.rescript.info/public/share/VRe2uQSvKZOm0oIBoDsrNwt46OMCqRnShVnUF3qyoFkFilmed at DISI (Diverse Intelligences Summer Institute)https://disi.org/REFS:The Nature of computation [Chris Moore]https://nature-of-computation.org/ Birds and Frogs [Freeman Dyson]https://www.ams.org/notices/200902/rtx090200212p.pdf Replica Theory [Parisi et al]https://arxiv.org/pdf/1409.2722 Janossy pooling [Fabian Fuchs]https://fabianfuchsml.github.io/equilibriumaggregation/ Cracking the cryptic [YT channel]https://www.youtube.com/c/CrackingTheCrypticSudoko Bench [Sakana]https://sakana.ai/sudoku-bench/Fractured entangled representations “phylogenetic locking in comment” [Kumar/Stanley]https://arxiv.org/pdf/2505.11581 (see our shows on this)The War Against Cliché: [Martin Amis]https://www.amazon.com/War-Against-Cliche-Reviews-1971-2000/dp/0375727167Rule 110 (CA)https://mathworld.wolfram.com/Rule150.htmlUniversality in Elementary Cellular Automata [Matt Cooke]https://wpmedia.wolfram.com/sites/13/2018/02/15-1-1.pdf Small Semi-Weakly Universal Turing Machines [Damien Woods] https://tilde.ini.uzh.ch/users/tneary/public_html/WoodsNeary-FI09.pdf COMPUTING MACHINERY AND INTELLIGENCE [Turing, 1950]https://courses.cs.umbc.edu/471/papers/turing.pdf Comment on Space Time as a causal set [Moore, 88]https://sites.santafe.edu/~moore/comment.pdf Recursion Theory on the Reals and Continuous-time Computation [Moore, 96]

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