After three episodes exploring the life of Leonardo da Vinci, we return to the turbulent stage of the Italian Wars. In this episode, we pick up in the early 1520s, a period shaped by papal politics, dynastic rivalries, and the shifting fortunes of France and Spain.Highlights include:<ul><li>The succession of popes after Leo X: Hadrian VI and Clement VII, and their struggles with reform, neutrality, and survival.</li><li>The tug-of-war between France and Spain over Milan and Naples, with Spain ultimately gaining the upper hand.</li><li>The dramatic&nbsp;Battle of Pavia (1525)&nbsp;— where Francis I of France was captured, changing the balance of power in Italy.</li><li>Local legend and culinary history: the devil’s bridge of Pavia and the birth of&nbsp;zuppa alla pavese.</li><li>The curious origin of the word&nbsp;lapalisiano&nbsp;(and its English cousin&nbsp;lapalissade), born from the death of French commander Jacques de La Palice.</li><li>The rise of the&nbsp;League of Cognac&nbsp;(1526), a desperate coalition including France, the Papacy, Florence, and Venice against Charles V’s growing dominance.</li></ul> Along the way, we balance high politics with folklore, language quirks, and even a recipe or two — showing how wars, words, and food can be unexpectedly intertwined.

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194 - The Italian Wars 11 - Medici pope to Medici pope - Battle of Pavia and Cognac

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