Humans have been exchanging tokens of friendship since before recorded history. From calling cards to Valentines to Christmas cards, the modern greeting card industry evolved. Research: <ul> <li>&ldquo;America&rsquo;s First Christmas Card.&rdquo; Albany Institute of History and Art. https://www.albanyinstitute.org/online-exhibition/50-objects/section/america-s-first-christmas-card</li> <li>Britannica Editors. "scarab".&nbsp;Encyclopedia Britannica, 3 Apr. 2014, https://www.britannica.com/topic/scarab</li> <li>Britannica Editors. "greeting card".&nbsp;Encyclopedia Britannica, 15 Mar. 2024, https://www.britannica.com/topic/greeting-card</li> <li>Brown, Ellen F. &ldquo;Christmas, Inc.: A Brief History of the Holiday Card.&rdquo; JSTOR Daily. Dec. 20, 2015. https://daily.jstor.org/history-christmas-card-holiday-card/</li> <li>Chase, Ernest Dudley. &ldquo;The Romance of Greeting Cards.&rdquo; Rust Craft. Cambridge, MA. 1956.</li> <li>&ldquo;Dali at Hallmark.&rdquo; Hallmark Art Collection. https://www.hallmarkartcollection.com/creatively-thinking/stories/dali-at-hallmark/</li> <li>&ldquo;Esther Howland 1847.&rdquo; Mount Holyoke. https://www.mtholyoke.edu/directory/alum/esther-howland</li> <li>Evans, Elaine Altman. &ldquo;The Sacred Scarab, Occasional Paper.&rdquo; McClung Museum of Natural History and Culture. University of Tennessee. January 1, 1996. https://mcclungmuseum.utk.edu/1996/01/01/sacred-scarab/</li> <li>Greeting Card Association. &ldquo;The History of Greeting Cards.&rdquo; https://www.greetingcard.org/history/</li> <li>Hanc, John. &ldquo;The History of the Christmas Card.&rdquo; Smithsonian. Dec. 9, 2015. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/history-christmas-card-180957487/</li> <li>Henry, William E. &ldquo;Art and Cultural Symbolism: A Psychological Study of Greeting Cards.&rdquo;&nbsp;The Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism, vol. 6, no. 1, 1947, pp. 36&ndash;44.&nbsp;JSTOR, https://doi.org/10.2307/426176</li> <li>Kavanagh, Marybeth. &ldquo;Louis Prang, Father of the American Christmas Card.&rdquo; The New York Historical. Dec. 19, 2012. https://www.nyhistory.org/blogs/prang</li> <li>Koon, Wee Kek. &ldquo;How ancient Chinese new year cards went from elites&rsquo; greetings to bribery instruments.&rdquo; South China Morning Post. Jan. 31, 2026. https://www.scmp.com/lifestyle/chinese-culture/article/3341675/how-ancient-chinese-new-year-cards-went-elites-greetings-bribery-instruments?module=perpetual_scroll_0&pgtype=article</li> <li>Korolkov, Maxim. &ldquo;&lsquo;Greeting Tablets&rsquo; in Early China: Some Traits of the Communicative Etiquette of Officialdom in Light of Newly Excavated Inscriptions.&rdquo;&nbsp;T&rsquo;oung Pao, vol. 98, no. 4/5, 2012, pp. 295&ndash;348.&nbsp;JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/41725988</li> <li>Lee, Ruth Webb. &ldquo;A History of Valentines.&rdquo; 1984.</li> <li>Newberry, Percy E. &ldquo;Scarabs: An Introduction to the Study of Egyptian Seals and Signet Rings.&rdquo; London. Archibald Constable and Co. Ltd. 1908. https://dn790001.ca.archive.org/0/items/scarabsintroduc00newbuoft/scarabsintroduc00newbuoft.pdf</li> <li>Purcell, Denise. &ldquo;Authentic Messaging and Independent Makers Drive&nbsp;Greeting Cards' Next-Gen Relevance.&rdquo; U.S. Chamber of Commerce. https://www.uschamber.com/co/good-company/launch-pad/greeting-card-next-gen-relevance#:~:text=The%20category%20is%20massive:%20According,card%20market%20at%20$7%20billion.</li> <li>Grafton, Samuel. &ldquo;Holly Leaf and Copper Plate.&rdquo;&nbsp;The North American Review, vol. 226, no. 6, 1928, pp. 660&ndash;64.&nbsp;JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/25110633</li> <li>Shoichet, Catherine E. &ldquo;This &lsquo;visionary&rsquo; woman changed the way many Americans celebrate Valentine&rsquo;s Day.&rdquo; CNN. Feb. 14, 2024. https://edition.cnn.com/2024/02/13/style/esther-howland-valentines-card-history-cec</li> <li>Schmidt, Leigh Eric. &ldquo;The Commercialization of the Calendar: American Holidays and the Culture of Consumption, 1870-1930.&rdquo;&nbsp;The Journal of American History, vol. 78, no. 3, 1991, pp. 887&ndash;916.&nbsp;JSTOR, https://doi.org/10.2307/2078795</li> <li>Stupperich, Andy. &ldquo;Art&nbsp;Education:&nbsp;Louis&nbsp;Prang's&nbsp;Christmas&nbsp;Card&nbsp;Competitions.&rdquo; The Henry Ford Museum. January 29, 2026. https://www.thehenryford.org/collections/explore/articles/art-education-louis-prang%27s-christmas-card-competitions</li> <li>Terrell, Ellen. &ldquo;Esther Howland and the Business of Love.&rdquo; Library of Congress. March 23, 2016. https://blogs.loc.gov/inside_adams/2016/03/esther-howland-and-the-business-of-love/</li> <li>&ldquo;World's first printed Valentine's Card.&rdquo; A History of the World. BBC. 2014. https://www.bbc.co.uk/ahistoryoftheworld/objects/L1NM_6mWRymAMKXcRDlXJA</li> <li>Wright, Helena E. &ldquo;A winning design: Prang&rsquo;s Christmas card contests of the 1880s.&rdquo; National Museum of American History. December 23, 2019. https://americanhistory.si.edu/explore/stories/winning-design-prangs-christmas-card-contests-1880s</li> </ul>See <a href="https://omnystudio.com/listener">omnystudio.com/listener</a> for privacy information.

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