During the <a href= "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_space_exploration#Pre-20th_century" target="_blank" rel="noopener">late 19th and early 20th centuries</a>, it was erroneously believed that there were "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canal" target="_blank" rel= "noopener">canals</a>" on the planet <a href= "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars" target="_blank" rel= "noopener">Mars</a>. These were a network of long straight lines in the equatorial regions from 60° north to 60° south latitude on Mars, observed by <a href= "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomer" target="_blank" rel= "noopener">astronomers</a> using early telescopes without photography. They were first described by the Italian astronomer <a href= "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giovanni_Schiaparelli" target= "_blank" rel="noopener">Giovanni Schiaparelli</a> during the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opposition_(astronomy)" target="_blank" rel="noopener">opposition</a> of 1877, and attested to by later observers. Schiaparelli called these canali ("<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Channel_(geography)" target="_blank" rel="noopener">channels</a>"), which was mistranslated into English as "canals". The Irish astronomer <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_E._Burton" target= "_blank" rel="noopener">Charles E. Burton</a> made some of the earliest drawings of straight-line features on Mars, although his drawings did not match Schiaparelli's.

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