While researching the history of parole in South Africa, a lawyer and anthropologist discovers the origins of the N2 road, which she drives everyday. Now interested in this highway’s history, she explores how this and other roads were used to expand territory and exploit people during South Africa’s colonial periods under Dutch and British rule, and how they kept people separate during the country’s apartheid government from 1948 to 1994. In the present, she learns of a new highway project that threatens to repeat this legacy of racist displacement.Nicole van Zyl is a South African lawyer and Ph.D. candidate in anthropology at the University of the Western Cape. Her doctoral research explores connections between the first systemized forms of early release from incarceration and the modern practice of parole. She is interested in how incarceration as punishment communicates belonging and exclusion from society, and how this relates to present-day conflicts around South Africa’s land redistribution as an atonement for colonial and apartheid crimes.Check out these related resources:<ul>
<li>“<a href="https://groundup.org.za/article/n2-toll-road-controversy-sanral-versus-amadiba-crisis-committee/">Should the Proposed N2 Toll Road Through the Wild Coast Be Moved?</a>” </li>
<li><a href="https://www.saflii.org/za/cases/ZAGPPHC/2018/829.html">Judgment Against Mining Without Community Consent: South Africa: North Gauteng High Court, Pretoria</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JXoNLiJVrko&t=60s&authuser=0">Xolobeni the Beautiful</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.sahistory.org.za/article/pondoland-revolt-1950-1961">Pondoland Revolt</a></li>
</ul>*SAPIENS: A Podcast for Everything Human is produced by Written In Air. The executive producers are Dennis Funk and Chip Colwell. This season’s host is Eshe Lewis, who is also the director of the SAPIENS Public Scholars Training Fellowship program. Production and mix support are provided by Rebecca Nolan. Christine Weeber is the copy editor. SAPIENS is an editorially independent magazine of the <a href="http://www.wennergren.org">Wenner-Gren Foundation</a> and the <a href="https://press.uchicago.edu">University of Chicago Press</a>. SAPIENS: A Podcast for Everything Human is part of the <a href="https://americananthro.org/news-advocacy/podcast-library/">American Anthropological Association Podcast Library</a>. This episode is part of the SAPIENS <a href="http://www.sapiens.org/templeton">Public Scholars Training Fellowship program</a>, which provides in-depth training for anthropologists in the craft of science communication and public scholarship, funded with the support of a three-year grant from the<a href="https://www.templeton.org/"> John Templeton Foundation</a>.

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