A lot of European accounts of Sayyida al-Hurra&rsquo;s life characterize her as a pirate, but that really isn't accurate. She was a a leader of a city-state and a queen of a sultanate. Research: <ul> <li>Ali, Adam. &ldquo;The Pirate Queen of the Mediterranean: The Story of Al-Sayyida al-Hurra.&rdquo; Medievalists.net. https://www.medievalists.net/2022/08/pirate-queen-mediterranean-al-sayyida-al-hurra/</li> <li>Britannica Editors. "Barbarossa". Encyclopedia Britannica, 1 Jan. 2026, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Barbarossa. Accessed 29 July 2026.</li> <li>El Haimeur, A. (2024). Sayyida Alhurra: A forgotten North African queen and war leader: A forgotten North African queen and war leader. Africana Annual, 1(1), 44-60. https://doi.org/10.17161/africana.v1i1.19207</li> <li>Hellman, Rick. &ldquo;Researcher reclaims 16th century Moroccan woman leader from obscurity.&rdquo; University of Kansas. 4/17/2024. https://news.ku.edu/news/article/researcher-reclaims-16th-century-moroccan-woman-leader-from-obscurity</li> <li>Lebbady, &ldquo;Women in Northern Morocco: Between the Documentary and the Imaginary.&rdquo; Alif: Journal of Comparative Poetics, No. 32. 2012. Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/41850741</li> <li>Mourtada-Sabbah, Nada and Adrian Gully. &ldquo;'I Am, by God, Fit for High Positions': On the Political Role of Women in al-Andalus.&rdquo; British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies , Nov., 2003, Vol. 30, No. 2 (Nov., 2003). Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/3593222</li> <li>Rafferty, John P.. "From Pirate to Admiral: The Tale of Barbarossa". Encyclopedia Britannica, 13 Jun. 2025, https://www.britannica.com/story/from-pirate-to-admiral-the-tale-of-barbarossa. Accessed 29 July 2026.</li> <li>Sparkes, Jason Idriss. &ldquo;Sayyida al‑Hurra: An Early Modern Decolonial Muslim Exemplar.&rdquo; Religions 16: 1362. 2025. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel16111362</li> <li>Verde, Tom. &ldquo;Malika VI: Sayyida Al-Hurra.&rdquo; AramcoWorld. 1/4/2017. https://www.aramcoworld.com/articles/2017/malika-vi-sayyida-al-hurra</li> <li>Williams, Terry. &ldquo;Pirate Profile: Sayyida al-Hurra.&rdquo; Queen Anne&rsquo;s Revenge Project. 5/25/2020. https://www.qaronline.org/blog/2020-05-25/pirate-profile-sayyida-al-hurra</li> </ul> &nbsp;See <a href="https://omnystudio.com/listener">omnystudio.com/listener</a> for privacy information.

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