In this episode we discuss:
 
<ul>
<li>The mitochondrial effects of low-carb diets, and whether they’re actually worse for energy production</li>
<li>The downstream hormonal effects of low-carb diets</li>
<li>Whether insulin resistance is a problem of excess glucose metabolism or excess fat metabolism</li>
<li>Whether high-carb diets cause overeating and insulin resistance </li>
<li>And much more</li>
</ul>
 
Check out the Energy Balance Solution program here: <a href='https://www.jayfeldmanwellness.com/solution/'>https://www.jayfeldmanwellness.com/solution/</a> 
 
Click here to check out the show notes: 
https://www.jayfeldmanwellness.com/eric-westman-debate-follow-up-the-research-on-low-carb-vs-high-carb-diets/

 

Timestamps:
0:00 – intro 
1:05 – why I’m recording this debate follow-up 
3:38 – how the body responds to carbohydrate restriction and the broader biological context 
9:47 – the mitochondrial effects of low-carb diets: glycolysis vs beta-oxidation, NADH/FADH2 ratios, NAD+/NADH ratios, and effects at the electron transport chain 
15:16 – fat oxidation leads to slower rates of ATP production and higher rates of ROS production 
18:14 – how fat oxidation blocks glucose utilization, slows mitochondrial respiration, and reduces carbon dioxide production 
20:58 – ketone vs. glucose metabolism  
21:52 – glucose metabolism confusion, glycolysis, and whether ketones are beneficial  
24:25 – the hormonal effects of low-carb diets 
28:13 – how do we know that fat metabolism is less efficient than glucose metabolism? 
34:09 – whether research on fat metabolism in rodents applies to humans and other animals 
37:02 – the research showing that fat oxidation increases ROS production and reduces mitochondrial efficiency in various animals (including humans) 
40:31 – the research showing the mechanisms of increased ROS production and reduced efficiency of ATP production with fatty acid metabolism 
47:41 – mitochondrial uncoupling increases during fat metabolism due to increases in oxidative stress 
49:19 – are there adaptations on a keto diet that would prevent the harmful effects of fat metabolism? 
52:48 – are there biopsies done on long-term ketogenic diets showing that fat oxidation doesn’t lead to a decreased NAD+/NADH ratio and more ROS production? 
59:17 – whether increased fatty acid oxidation enzymes would reduce ROS production in the mitochondria as Dr. Westman suggested 
1:02:58 – low-carb and ketogenic diets in rodents cause increased oxidative stress and less efficient ATP production  
1:11:41 – do ketones protect against ROS? 
1:16:18 – do the potential positive effects of ketones outweigh the negative effects of ketogenic diets? 
1:27:47 –low-carb and ketogenic diets cause oxidative stress and insulin resistance in humans1:36:30 – the evidence that glucagon is a stress hormone 
1:39:45 – low-carb and ketogenic diets cause physiological stress in humans 
1:43:46 – the effects of low-carb and ketogenic diets on cortisol 
1:48:29 – low-carb and ketogenic diets decrease thyroid activity 
1:53:54 – effects of low-carb and ketogenic diets on reproductive hormones

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