In 1891, fear and anger in New Orleans boiled over after the murder of Police Chief David Hennessy. Within months, eleven Italian immigrants were dead, their lives taken by a mob in one of the darkest and most violent moments in American history. In this episode of Southern Mysteries, we revisit the events that led to the tragedy
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Episode Sources
<ul>
<li style="font-weight:400;">New Orleans Public Library – Records of the Board of Police Commissioners, 1890–1891 (detailing Hennessy’s murder, police leadership changes, and subsequent arrests).</li>
<li style="font-weight:400;">Library of Congress – Historic photographs of New Orleans docks and immigrant labor, 1891.</li>
<li style="font-weight:400;">Smithsonian Magazine – “New Orleans Apologizes for 1891 Lynching of Italian Americans” (April 2019).</li>
<li style="font-weight:400;">History.com – “The Grisly Story of America’s Largest Lynching” (2019).</li>
<li style="font-weight:400;">American Italian Cultural Center, New Orleans – Archival material on Italian immigration and the 2019 mayoral apology.</li>
<li style="font-weight:400;">New Orleans Times-Democrat, October 1890–March 1891 coverage (contemporary reporting on Hennessy’s murder, the trial, and the mob attack).</li>
<li style="font-weight:400;">United States Department of State – Papers Relating to the Foreign Relations of the United States, 1891 (diplomatic correspondence with Italy following the lynchings).</li>
<li style="font-weight:400;">Reimagining Migration – “The Lynching of Italian Immigrants” (educational resource on anti-immigrant violence).</li>
<li style="font-weight:400;">Order Sons & Daughters of Italy in America (OSDIA) – The 1891 New Orleans Project (materials on commemoration and memorial efforts).</li>
<li style="font-weight:400;">John V. Baiamonte Jr. – “The Mafia and the 1891 New Orleans Lynching: The Question of Criminal Conspiracy” (Louisiana History: The Journal of the Louisiana Historical Association, Vol. 21, No. 3, 1980).</li>
<li style="font-weight:400;">Italian Sons and Daughters of America – “Our Darkest Hour: Anarchy, a Lynch Mob and 11 Souls Lost.”</li>
<li style="font-weight:400;">All That’s Interesting – “The Tragic Story of the 1891 New Orleans’ Lynchings of Italians.”</li>
</ul>
Episode Music
Out of the Mines, courtesy of Ross Gentry, Asheville, North Carolina.

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