Most conversations about longevity focus on tactics. This episode breaks down the biology underneath them.&nbsp;You’ll&nbsp;hear a systems level analysis of how insulin signaling, mTOR, mitochondrial function, inflammation, and nutrient sensing interact to&nbsp;determine&nbsp;biological age, disease risk, and&nbsp;long term&nbsp;human performance. This is not surface level biohacking. It is a deep dive into the mechanisms that actually control aging, metabolism, muscle preservation, and brain optimization, and why most&nbsp;anti aging&nbsp;strategies fail when they ignore these foundations.&nbsp;This all-time classic episode from 2024, has&nbsp;host&nbsp;Dave&nbsp;Asprey&nbsp;joined by&nbsp;Mark Hyman, a practicing physician and one of the most respected leaders in functional medicine. Dr. Hyman is the founder and senior advisor of The&nbsp;UltraWellnessCenter, the founder and former head of strategy and innovation at the Cleveland Clinic Center for Functional Medicine, and a&nbsp;long time&nbsp;advocate for treating root causes instead of managing disease. With over 30 years of clinical experience, his work focuses on restoring mitochondrial health,&nbsp;optimizing&nbsp;metabolism, reversing chronic disease, and slowing biological aging using&nbsp;science backed&nbsp;interventions.&nbsp;&nbsp;Together, Dave and Mark dismantle common myths around protein, carnivore diets, ketosis, fasting, supplements, and longevity drugs. They explain why sugar accelerates aging faster than protein, how mTOR must cycle instead of staying suppressed, and why muscle, mitochondria, and metabolic flexibility matter more than calorie restriction. The conversation also covers nootropics, sleep optimization, neuroplasticity, AI driven diagnostics, and how functional medicine reframes aging as a reversible biological process rather than an inevitable decline.&nbsp;&nbsp;You’ll&nbsp;learn:&nbsp;• How insulin and nutrient sensing control aging speed&nbsp;• Why mitochondria sit at the center of longevity and disease&nbsp;• The truth about mTOR, fasting, and protein intake&nbsp;• How ketosis and metabolic flexibility protect long term health&nbsp;• Where supplements and nootropics&nbsp;actually fit&nbsp;in brain optimization&nbsp;• Why functional medicine outperforms&nbsp;symptom based&nbsp;care&nbsp;• How AI and advanced testing are reshaping modern medicine&nbsp;Thank you to our sponsors!&nbsp;-&nbsp;MASA Chips | Go to&nbsp;<a href="https://www.masachips.com/DAVEASPREY" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">https://www.masachips.com/DAVEASPREY</a>&nbsp;and use code DAVEASPREY for 25% off your first order.&nbsp;&nbsp;-ARMRA | Go to&nbsp;<a href="https://tryarmra.com/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">https://tryarmra.com/</a>&nbsp;and use the code DAVE to get 15% off your first order.&nbsp;-OneSkin&nbsp;| Try&nbsp;OneSkin&nbsp;for 15% off with code DAVE at&nbsp;<a href="https://www.oneskin.co/DAVE" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">https://www.oneskin.co/DAVE</a>.&nbsp;Dave Asprey&nbsp;is a four-time New York Times bestselling author, founder of&nbsp;Bulletproof Coffee, and the&nbsp;father of biohacking. With over 1,000 interviews and 1 million monthly listeners,&nbsp;The Human Upgrade&nbsp;brings you the knowledge to take control of your biology, extend your longevity, and&nbsp;optimize&nbsp;every system in your body and mind. Each episode delivers&nbsp;cutting-edge&nbsp;insights&nbsp;in&nbsp;health, performance, neuroscience, supplements, nutrition, biohacking, emotional intelligence, and conscious living.&nbsp;New episodes are released every&nbsp;Tuesday, Thursday, Friday, and Sunday (BONUS). Dave asks the questions no one else will and gives you real tools to become stronger, smarter, and more resilient.&nbsp;Keywords:&nbsp;longevity biohacking, functional medicine longevity, biological age reversal, mitochondria and aging, mTOR pathway aging, insulin resistance and aging, metabolic flexibility, fasting and longevity, ketosis and metabolism, protein intake and mTOR, muscle and longevity, inflammaging, chronic inflammation aging, mitochondrial dysfunction, nutrient sensing pathways, rapamycin longevity, metformin longevity debate, carnivore diet longevity, sugar and aging, brain optimization longevity, neuroplasticity and aging, sleep optimization biohacking, supplements for longevity,&nbsp;anti aging&nbsp;metabolism, human performance optimization, Dave Asprey longevity, Mark Hyman longevity&nbsp;Resources:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;•&nbsp;Mark’s Website:&nbsp;<a href="https://drhyman.com/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">https://drhyman.com/</a>&nbsp;• Dave Asprey's Latest News | Go to&nbsp;<a href="https://daveasprey.com/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">https://daveasprey.com/</a>&nbsp;to&nbsp;join&nbsp;Inside Track&nbsp;today.&nbsp;&nbsp;• Danger Coffee:&nbsp;<a href="https://dangercoffee.com/discount/dave15" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">https://dangercoffee.com/discount/dave15</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• My Daily Supplements:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.shopsuppgradelabs.com/discount/DAVE15" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">SuppGrade Labs</a>&nbsp;(15% Off)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Favorite Blue Light Blocking Glasses:&nbsp;<a href="https://truedark.com/?coupon-code=DAVEASPREY15&sc-page=shop" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">TrueDark</a>&nbsp;(15% Off)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Dave Asprey’s BEYOND Conference:&nbsp;<a href="https://beyondconference.com/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">https://beyondconference.com</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Dave Asprey’s New Book –&nbsp;Heavily Meditated:&nbsp;<a href="https://daveasprey.com/heavily-meditated" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">https://daveasprey.com/heavily-meditated</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;• Upgrade Collective:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.ourupgradecollective.com/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">https://www.ourupgradecollective.com</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Upgrade Labs:&nbsp;<a href="https://upgradelabs.com/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">https://upgradelabs.com</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• 40 Years of Zen:&nbsp;<a href="https://40yearsofzen.com/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">https://40yearsofzen.com</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;Timestamps:&nbsp;0:00&nbsp;- Trailer&nbsp;0:45&nbsp;- Introduction&nbsp;4:49&nbsp;- Aging as a Treatable Disease&nbsp;7:50&nbsp;- The Hallmarks of Aging&nbsp;14:23&nbsp;- Nutrient Sensing and Longevity Switches&nbsp;17:37&nbsp;- Time Restricted Eating and Autophagy&nbsp;20:44&nbsp;- The Four Longevity Pathways&nbsp;21:49&nbsp;- Metformin Debate&nbsp;25:30&nbsp;- Ozempic and Weight Loss&nbsp;28:42&nbsp;- Rapamycin and mTOR&nbsp;36:23&nbsp;- Meat, Protein, and Aging&nbsp;39:46&nbsp;- Protein Quality and Muscle Synthesis&nbsp;45:50&nbsp;- Protein Timing for Muscle Building&nbsp;48:08&nbsp;- Metabolic Flexibility&nbsp;51:32&nbsp;- Inflammaging&nbsp;55:26&nbsp;- Zombie Cells and Senescence&nbsp;See Privacy Policy at <a href="https://art19.com/privacy" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">https://art19.com/privacy</a> and California Privacy Notice at <a href="https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info</a>.

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