OA1227 - Come play the worst ever round of the Connections game and figure out what on earth Tuskegee Alabama, the CDC, Southern Denmark University, and the West African country of Guinea-Bissau all have in common, as RFK Jr. continues his campaign of “just asking questions” that we already have the answer to. <ul> <li> <a href= "https://apnews.com/article/business-science-health-race-and-ethnicity-syphilis-e9dd07eaa4e74052878a68132cd3803a" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow">Black men untreated in Tuskegee syphilis study</a>. Heller, J. (July 25, 1972; republished May 10, 2017). Associated Press. </li> <li> <a href= "https://www.cdc.gov/tuskegee/about/timeline.html?CDC_AAref_Val=https://www.cdc.gov/tuskegee/timeline.htm" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow">The untreated syphilis study at Tuskegee timeline</a>. Centers for Disease Control. (September 4, 2024). </li> <li> <a href= "https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-45/subtitle-A/subchapter-A/part-46" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow">45 CFR 46 Protection of Human Subjects</a>. (Department of Health and Human Services regulations to implement the National Research Act and create Institutional Review Board policies). </li> <li> <a href= "https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hepatitis-b" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow">Hepatitis B</a>. World Health Organization (July 23, 2025). </li> <li> <a href= "https://www.npr.org/2025/12/26/nx-s1-5656214/childhood-vaccination-denmark-rfk-policy" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow">Should the U.S. model its vaccine policy on Denmark’s? Experts say we’re nothing alike</a>. Godoy, M. (December 26, 2025). NPR. </li> <li> <a href="https://www.nbcnews.com/news/amp/rcna250055" target= "_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow">RFK Jr. overhauls childhood vaccine schedule to resemble Denmark’s in unprecedented move</a>. Lovelace Jr., B., Edwards, E., Fattah, M., & Bendix, A. (January 5, 2026). NBC News. </li> <li> <a href= "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0264410X25012344?via%3Dihub" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow">What is actually the emerging evidence about non-specific vaccine effects in randomized trials from the Bandim Health Project?</a> Støvring, H., Ekstrøm, C.T., Schneider, J.W., & Strøm, C. (2025). Vaccine, 68, 1-4. </li> <li> <a href= "https://public-inspection.federalregister.gov/2025-23245.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow">Notice of award of a single source unsolicited grant to fund University of Southern Denmark (SDU)</a>. Department of Health and Human Services. (December 15, 2025). </li> <li> <a href= "https://www.theguardian.com/society/2025/dec/19/hepatitis-b-vaccine-study-guinea-bissau-rfk" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow">U.S. plan for $1.6m hepatitis B vaccine study in Africa called ‘highly unethical’.</a> Schreiber, M. & Lay, K. (December 19, 2025). The Guardian. </li> <li> <a href= "https://www.cidrap.umn.edu/childhood-vaccines/cdc-awards-16-million-hepatitis-b-vaccine-study-controversial-danish-researchers" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow">CDC awards $1.6 million for hepatitis B vaccine study by controversial Danish researchers</a>. Szabo, L. (December 18, 2025). Center for Infectious Disease Research and Policy. </li> <li> <a href= "https://www.science.org/content/article/cdc-funds-controversial-hepatitis-b-vaccine-trial-african-newborns" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow">CDC funds controversial hepatitis B vaccine trial in African newborns</a>. Offord, C. (December 18, 2025). Science Insider. </li> <li> <a href="https://sdunet.dk/en/research/research-support-ethics" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow">Research ethics and compliance support</a>. Southern Denmark University. </li> </ul> Further reading: <ul> <li> Qiao, H. (2018). <a href= "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7331443/#ped412023-bib-0017" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow">A brief introduction to institutional review boards in the United States. Pediatric Investigation</a>, 2, 46-51. </li> <li> U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. International compilation of human research standards. <a href= "https://www.hhs.gov/ohrp/international/compilation-human-research-standards/index.html" target="_blank" rel= "noopener noreferrer nofollow">https://www.hhs.gov/ohrp/international/compilation-human-research-standards/index.html</a> </li> <li> University of North Carolina. Nuremberg Code. <a href= "https://research.unc.edu/human-research-ethics/resources/ccm3_019064/" target="_blank" rel= "noopener noreferrer nofollow">https://research.unc.edu/human-research-ethics/resources/ccm3_019064/</a> </li> <li> Torrance, R.J., Mormina, M., Sayeed, S., Kessel, A., Yoon, C.H., & Cislaghi, B. (2024). <a href= "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11877110/" target= "_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow">Is the U.N. receiving ethical approval for its research with human participants?</a> Journal of Medical Ethics, 51, 1-4. </li> <li> Barchi, F. & Little, M.T. (2016). <a href= "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5075204/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow">National ethics guidance in Sub-Saharan Africa on the collection and use of human biological specimens: A systematic review</a>. BMC Medical Ethics, 17, 1-25. </li> <li> Salhia, B. & Olaiya, V. (2020). <a href= "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7392783/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow">Historical perspectives on ethical and regulatory aspects of human participants research: Implications for oncology clinical trials in Africa</a>. JCO Global Oncology, 6, 959-965. </li> </ul> Check out the OA <a href= "https://linktr.ee/openingarguments" target="_blank" rel= "noopener noreferrer nofollow">Linktree</a> for all the places to go and things to do!

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RFK Jr. Is Practically Running a Tuskegee Syphilis Study and Almost No One Is Talking About It

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