In this special “3x”-long episode of our (otherwise shortform) news analysis show 16 Minutes -- past such 2-3X explainer episodes have covered <a href="https://a16z.com/2020/05/31/16mins-section-230-communications-decency-act-content-moderation-free-speech-internet-past-present-future/" target="_blank">section 230</a>, <a href="https://a16z.com/2020/09/18/16mins-tiktok-seeing-like-an-algorithm-friendly-design-creativity-network-effects-video/" target="_blank">Tiktok</a>,<a href="https://a16z.com/2020/07/29/16mins-gpt3-natural-language-neural-net-deep-learning-few-shot-zero-shot/" target="_blank"> GPT-3</a>, <a href="https://a16z.com/2019/08/04/16mins-news-opioid-crisis-dea-database/" target="_blank">the opioid crisis</a>, more -- we cover the SolarWinds hack, one of the largest (if not the largest!) publicly known hacks of all time... and the ripple effects are only now starting to be revealed. Just this week, the U.S. Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency shared (<a href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/suspected-russian-hack-extends-far-beyond-solarwinds-software-investigators-say-11611921601" target="_blank">as reported in</a> the Wall Street Journal) that approximately 30% of both private-sector and government victims linked to the hack had no direct connection to SolarWinds. So who was compromised, do they even know, can they even know?!Because this hack is a supply-chain compromise involving various third-party software and services all connected together in a "chain of chains", the knock-on effects of it will be revealed (or not!) for years to come. So what do companies -- whether large enterprise, mid-sized startup, or small business -- do? What actually happened, and when does the timeline really begin? While first publicly revealed in December 2020 -- we first covered the news in <a href="https://a16z.com/2020/12/15/16mins-us-treasury-hackers-ethereum-eth20-defi-scaling/" target="_blank">episode #49 here</a> when it first<a href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-cyber-treasury-exclsuive/exclusive-u-s-treasury-breached-by-hackers-backed-by-foreign-government-sources-idINKBN28N0PG" target="_blank"> broke</a>, and there have been countless headlines since (about early known government <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/dhs-is-third-federal-agency-hacked-in-major-russian-cyberespionage-campaign/2020/12/14/41f8fc98-3e3c-11eb-8bc0-ae155bee4aff_story.html" target="_blank">agency victims</a>, <a href="https://msrc-blog.microsoft.com/2020/12/31/microsoft-internal-solorigate-investigation-update/" target="_blank">company investigations</a>, <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/06/us/politics/russia-cyber-hack.html" target="_blank">other tool investigations</a>, <a href="https://www.axios.com/solarwinds-hack-russia-trump-blame-game-683eca31-ff57-4582-b6a7-5e31c0787c94.html" target="_blank">debates over who and how</a> and so on) -- the hack actually began not just a few months but years earlier, involving <a href="https://news.yahoo.com/hackers-last-year-conducted-a-dry-run-of-solar-winds-breach-215232815.html" target="_blank">early tests</a>, legit domains, and a very long game.We help cut through the headline fatigue of it all, tease apart what's hype/ what's real, and do an "anatomy of a hack" step-by-step teardown -- the who, what, where, when, how; from the chess moves to technical details -- in an in-depth yet accessible way with Sonal Chokshi in conversation with a16z expert and former CSO Joel de la Garza and outside expert Steven Adair, founder and president of <a href="https://www.volexity.com/" target="_blank">Volexity</a>. The information security firm (which specializes in incident response, digital forensics/ memory analysis, network monitoring, and more) not only posted <a href="https://www.volexity.com/blog/2020/12/16/responding-to-the-solarwinds-breach/" target="_blank">guidance for responding</a> to such attacks, but also <a href="https://www.volexity.com/blog/2020/12/14/dark-halo-leverages-solarwinds-compromise-to-breach-organizations/" target="_blank">an analysis</a> based on working three separate incidents involving the SolarWinds hackers. But how did they know it was the same group? And why was it not quite the perfect crime?image: Heliophysics Systems Observatory spacecraft characterize, in the highest cadence, the constant stream of particles exploding from the sun affect Earth, the planets, and beyond via <a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/gsfc/16149052746/" target="_blank">NASA Goddard Space Flight Center</a> / <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/" target="_blank">Flickr</a>

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Anatomy of the SolarWinds Hack: Who What Where When How

Andreessen Horowitz