The first installment of the deeper examination of Charles Sumner's life begins with his early years, including his close relationships with Henry Wadsworth Longfellow and Samuel Gridley Howe. Research: <ul> <li>"Sumner, Charles (1811-1874)." Encyclopedia of World Biography, Gale, 1998. Gale Academic OneFile, link.gale.com/apps/doc/A148425674/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=95485851. Accessed 31 Oct. 2025.</li> <li>&ldquo;Roberts v. City of Boston, 5 Cush. 198, 59 Mass. 198 (1849).&rdquo; Caselaw Access Project. Harvard Law School. https://case.law/caselaw/?reporter=mass&volume=59&case=0198-01</li> <li>&ldquo;The Prayer of One Hundred Thousands.&rdquo; https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/resources/pdf/PrayerofOneHundredThousand.pdf</li> <li>Alexander, Edward. &ldquo;The Caning of Charles Sumner.&rdquo; Battlefields.org. 3/6/2024. https://www.battlefields.org/learn/articles/caning-charles-sumner</li> <li>Beecher, Henry Ward. &ldquo;Charles Sumner.&rdquo; Advocate of Peace (1847-1884) , MAY, 1874. Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/27905613</li> <li>Berry, Stephen and James Hill Welborn III. &ldquo;The Cane of His Existence Depression, Damage, and the Brooks&ndash;Sumner Affair.&rdquo; Southern Cultures , Vol. 20, No. 4 (WINTER 2014). Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/26217562</li> <li>Boston African American National Historic Site. &ldquo;Abiel Smith School.&rdquo; https://www.nps.gov/boaf/learn/historyculture/abiel-smith-school.htm</li> <li>Boston African American National Historic Site. &ldquo;The Sarah Roberts Case.&rdquo; https://www.nps.gov/articles/the-sarah-roberts-case.htm</li> <li>Child, Lydia Maria. &ldquo;Letters of Lydia Maria Child.&rdquo; Houghton, Mifflin and Company. 1883. https://archive.org/details/lettersoflydiam00chil</li> <li>Commonwealth Museum. &ldquo;Roberts v. The City of Boston, 1849.&rdquo; https://www.sec.state.ma.us/divisions/commonwealth-museum/exhibits/online/freedoms-agenda/freedoms-agenda-8.htm</li> <li>Frasure, Carl M. &ldquo;Charles Sumner and the Rights of the Negro.&rdquo; The Journal of Negro History , Apr., 1928, Vol. 13, No. 2 (Apr., 1928). Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/2713959</li> <li>Gershon, Livia. &ldquo;Political Divisions Led to Violence in the US Senate in 1856.&rdquo; JSTOR Daily. 1/7/2021. https://daily.jstor.org/violence-in-the-senate-in-1856/</li> <li>History, Art and Archives. &ldquo;South Carolina Representative Preston Brooks&rsquo;s Attack on Senator Charles Sumner of Massachusetts.&rdquo; U.S. House of Representatives. https://history.house.gov/Historical-Highlights/1851-1900/South-Carolina-Representative-Preston-Brooks-s-attack-on-Senator-Charles-Sumner-of-Massachusetts/</li> <li>Longfellow House Washington's Headquarters National Historic Site. &ldquo;An Era of Romantic Friendships: Sumner, Longfellow, and Howe.&rdquo; https://www.nps.gov/articles/an-era-of-romantic-friendships-sumner-longfellow-and-howe.htm</li> <li>Lyndsay Campbell; The &ldquo;Abolition Riot&rdquo; Redux: Voices, Processes. The New England Quarterly 2021; 94 (1): 7&ndash;46. doi: https://doi.org/10.1162/tneq_a_00877</li> <li>Mahr, Michael. &ldquo;Sumner vs. Cane.&rdquo; National Museum of Civil War Medicine. 5/24/2023. https://www.civilwarmed.org/sumner-vs-cane/</li> <li>Meriwether, Robert L. &ldquo;Preston S. Brooks on the Caning of Charles Sumner.&rdquo; The South Carolina Historical and Genealogical Magazine , Jan., 1951, Vol. 52, No. 1 (Jan., 1951). Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/27571254</li> <li>Mount Auburn Cemetery. &ldquo;Charles Sumner (1811-1874): U.S. Senator, Abolitionist, & Orator.&rdquo; https://mountauburn.org/notable-residents/charles-sumner-1811-1874/</li> <li>National Park Service. &ldquo;Charles Sumner and Romantic Friendships.&rdquo; https://www.nps.gov/articles/000/charles-sumner-and-romantic-friendships.htm</li> <li>Potenza, Bob. &ldquo;Charles Sumner.&rdquo; West End Museum. https://thewestendmuseum.org/history/era/west-boston/charles-sumner/</li> <li>Ruchames, Louis. &ldquo;Charles Sumner and American Historiography.&rdquo; The Journal of Negro History , Apr., 1953, Vol. 38, No. 2 (Apr., 1953). https://www.jstor.org/stable/2715536</li> <li>Senate Historical Office. &ldquo;Senate Stories | Charles Sumner: After the Caning.&rdquo; United States Senate. 5/4/2020. https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/senate-stories/charles-sumner-after-the-caning.htm</li> <li>Sinha, Manisha. &ldquo;The Caning of Charles Sumner: Slavery, Race, and Ideology in the Age of the Civil War.&rdquo; Journal of the Early Republic , Summer, 2003, Vol. 23, No. 2 (Summer, 2003). Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/3125037</li> <li>Sumner, Charles. &ldquo;Barbarism of Slavery.&rdquo; 6/4/1860. https://dotcw.com/documents/barbarism_of_slavery.htm</li> <li>Sumner, Charles. &ldquo;Freedom National; Slavery Sectional.&rdquo; 8/26/1852. https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Freedom_National;_Slavery_Sectional</li> <li>Sumner, Charles. &ldquo;The equal rights of all.&rdquo; Washington, Printed at the Congressional globe office. 1866. https://archive.org/details/equalrightsofall00sumn</li> <li>Tameez, Zaakir. &ldquo;Charles Sumner: Conscience of a Nation.&rdquo; Henry Holt and Co. 2025.</li> <li>United States Senate. "The Crime Against Kansas.&rdquo; https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/minute/The_Crime_Against_Kansas.htm</li> <li>United States Senate. &ldquo;REPORT.&rdquo; 5/28/1856. https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/resources/pdf/SumnerInvestigation1856.pdf</li> <li>United States Senate. &ldquo;The Caning of Senator Charles Sumner.&rdquo; https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/minute/The_Caning_of_Senator_Charles_Sumner.htm</li> <li>Various, &ldquo;Southern Newspapers Praise the Attack on Charles Sumner,&rdquo; SHEC: Resources for Teachers, accessed October 31, 2025, https://shec.ashp.cuny.edu/items/show/1548.</li> </ul>See <a href="https://omnystudio.com/listener">omnystudio.com/listener</a> for privacy information.

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